用于热真空环境下整星微波无线测试的低PIM吸波热沉研制

随着通信卫星技术的发展,收发共用已成为通信卫星有效载荷常用的设计方法,在这种情况下,无源互调(passive intermodulation,PIM)问题就显得尤为突出。为了完成整星及转发器分系统在热真空环境下的PIM指标测试,利用碳化硅吸波材料研制了一种低PIM吸波热沉,并利用该吸波热沉建立了指标小于150 dBm的低PIM测试环境,同时兼具热流模拟功能和微波功率耐受能力。在热真空环境下圆满完成了国内首次有整星参与的微波载荷无线PIM测试试验。     

Experiments of flow and heat transfer performances for air-cooling laminated turbine vane

Flow resistance and heat transfer coefficients of typical double wall laminated film cooling configuration within a turbine vane were experimentally studied.The specimen was in large scale,and made of transparent organic glass.Laminated configuration consisted of double wall laminates,pin-fins,staggered arrays of impingement and film holes.The number ratio of impingement holes,pin-fins and film holes was2∶1∶1.Five experiment vanes were installed in static cascade,and experiments were carried out under constant heat flux.Re of internal cooling air in the experiment was from 104 to 2×105,and Re of external fluid was from 105 to 3×105.The experiment results show that flow resistances of front channel and back channel of the vane are in the same level,and both of them decrease as Re of cooling air increases.Nuof front channel is slightly higher than that of back channel.Both of them increase as Re of cooling air increases.And experiment results were obtained from experiment vanes were compared with that obtained from laminated flat plates,and the tendency of the results agrees well.     

主流湍流度对涡轮导向叶片气膜冷却特性影响的实验

采用基于窄带热色液晶的瞬态全表面传热测量技术,研究了主流湍流度对涡轮导向叶片吸力面圆柱形孔排气膜冷却特性的影响规律.结果表明:在实验工况范围内,主流湍流度从0.59%提高至6.85%,可以在气膜出流的上游区域促进气膜贴向壁面并扩大展向覆盖面积,从而改善气膜覆盖效果,但是在主流湍流度较大的工况下,气膜覆盖效果迅速变差;在气膜出流的下游区域,主流湍流度的提高使得气膜冷却效率逐渐降低;主流湍流度的增大,增强了无气膜冷却光滑叶片表面的对流换热;在气膜冷却条件下,气膜出流对叶片表面对流换热的增强效果随着主流湍流度的增大呈现出明显的区域性特点:表面传热系数比在上游区域是先增强后减弱;中游区域是逐渐减弱;下游区域则是逐渐增强.     

Performance investigation of intercooler operating in wet condition using distributed parameter model

The performance of a marine gas turbine intercooler operating in wet condition was evaluated.The intercooler was a cross-flow plate-fin heat exchanger that used air and pure water as its working fluids at the hot and cold sides,respectively.The heat transfer performance and the water vapor condensation were investigated for a relative humidity of the inlet air that reached 100% during warship cruise.The condensation of the water vapors increased the hot side outlet temperature by a certain amount,which could in turn influence the performance of the compressor downstream.The condensate film thickness and the void fraction were calculated based on an annular two-phase flow model.It is found that water vapor condensation in hot flow channel increases the outlet temperature with a maximum value of 7.3℃ in the case of 100% relative humidity.The calculated liquid film thickness reaches a maximum value of 4μm,which indicates negligible thermal resistance to heat transfer.The results of liquid film thicknesses also provide a qualitative prediction of the diameter distribution of the condensate water droplets.     

叶顶间隙对高压涡轮动叶应力影响的数值研究

针对叶顶间隙直接影响高压涡轮动叶气动特性及结构可靠性的问题,对不同叶顶间隙下的涡轮动叶进行了气热耦合数值计算.通过对流体域与固体域在物理边界上能量的传递进行耦合计算,揭示了泄漏涡流运动对叶片所受温度、压力分布的影响规律,分析了叶片热应力、气动力变化对结构强度的影响.结果表明:随着叶顶间隙高度的增加,泄漏流速增加,热应力变化明显,叶顶间隙高度在0.3%~3.0%变化过程中,叶片最大等效应力增大2.6%.所得结果可为叶顶间隙控制提供理论依据.     

径向进气旋转盘腔换热特性试验研究

为分析流量系数和旋转雷诺数对径向进气旋转盘换热效果的影响,采用试验方法对径向进气旋转盘腔的换热特性进行了研究。通过测试不同工况下的旋转盘表面温度,获得了局部努赛尔数分布和平均努赛尔数的变化规律。试验结果表明:由于径向进气旋转盘腔内流动复杂,旋转盘面局部对流换热系数受流动影响出现多头分布的规律;同时,随着旋转雷诺数和流量系数的增大,转盘的平均努赛尔数增大,平均换热效果增强。     

敷设热障涂层气冷叶片温度分布数值研究

针对一种内冷通道射流腔交替布置在压力面和吸力面的叶片冷却结构,利用FLUENT软件对敷设热障涂层的气冷叶片温度分布进行了三维共轭传热计算,分析了热障涂层厚度对叶片金属基体表面温降水平的影响,同时对比了有/无考虑燃气与叶片表面辐射换热的叶片表面温度分布差异.研究结果表明:在叶栅通道燃气流进口总温为1600K、冷却气流进口总温为700K的条件下,当冷却气流与主流流量之比约为7.47%、热障涂层厚度为0.2mm时,该叶片冷却结构的最高温度可以控制在1100K以内;在假设热障涂层表面发射率与金属壁面发射率相同的前提下,厚度0.15~0.35mm的热障涂层可获得的最大降温大约在80~180K范围内;考虑/不考虑辐射换热的叶片表面最大温差可以达到60K.      

低速高温燃气流热模拟试验方法和设备

对比分析了两种气流状态参数和两种加热情况下典型前缘部件表面热流密度的相似性,论证了利用亚声速高温燃气流加热方式进行近地空间高超声速飞行工况气动热模拟试验的可行性.针对高超声速飞行器典型钝头锥结构提出“小喷口低速高温燃气流+石英灯”组合热试验方案.通过采用新型高效双腔蒸发管型燃气发生器、新型带保温夹层和耐高温陶瓷内衬的水冷不锈钢高温管道结构,同时引入电加热器预热及燃烧室两路供油方案,使所建低速高温燃气流热试验设备产生燃气流温度达到2100K,φ250mm喷口处平均径向温度分布梯度约3K/mm,具有线性温度控制功能且稳态控制温差约46K,满足24km、马赫数为6典型高超声速飞行器工况驻点区域高温/大热流密度气动热试验要求.      

振动传递路径系统的传递可靠性灵敏度

基于Kronecker代数、矩阵微分理论、向量值、矩阵值函数的二阶矩技术及随机有限元方法,实用有效地提出了具有随机路径的振动传递路径系统的传递可靠性及可靠度灵敏度的分析方法.在考虑传递路径参数,包括质量、刚度、位置参数不确定性的条件下,对振动传递路径系统的传递可靠性和可靠度、灵敏度进行了理论分析和数值计算,给出了随机振动传递路径系统传递可靠度及可靠性灵敏度的一般数学表达式,据此可以考虑工程实际中大量的传递系统中固有的不确定性,为解决不确定振动传递路径系统的问题提供有效方便的途径,为其结构的动力修改提供理论基础.      

固体火箭发动机喷管热结构一体化计算

基于user-defined function(UDF)技术将固体火箭发动机喷管热结构计算程序嵌入到FLUENT软件中,通过UDF宏命令实现FLUENT耦合传热结果数据的提取,编写了接触边界的自动识别程序,采用直接约束法模拟喷管界面间的接触非线性问题,实现了固体火箭发动机喷管热结构的一体化计算.