Mars entry guidance using a semi-analytical method

Future Mars missions may require improved landed accuracy to facilitate the landing site selection and finally access a region of complex terrain with high scientific return. This paper is to develop a novel, robust, and precision entry guidance algorithm for Mars entry vehicles with low lift-to-drag ratios. In the presence of large uncertainties, the entry terminal point controller algorithm can encounter severe performance degradation due to: (1) the small perturbation assumption, and (2) theoretically ignoring deviations in the atmospheric-density model, aerodynamic-force model, etc. Based on numerical technologies and the classical variation method (VM), this work develops a semi-analytical (SA) algorithm, in which combined effects of several dynamic uncertainties now can be addressed. The terminal-downrange error is predicted by a numerical predictor such that the dependence on the reference trajectory can be reduced and then the issue caused by the small perturbation assumption can be addressed. Such a predicted terminal-downrange error is finally corrected by an analytical corrector, which is designed by the VM. It is indicative that there can be no numerical iterations in the SA algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the SA algorithm.     

Ascent guidance law for a horizontal take-off vehicle with a multi-combined cycle engine

This paper researches the ascent guidance law for the vehicle with a multi-combined cycle propulsion. The guidance law comprises two parts, namely, the off-line optimal trajectories generation and online guidance. With respect to the off-line part, disturbances are discretized and incorporated into the trajectory optimization problem; subsequently, a set of trajectories is calculated to constitute a database. To quickly obtain a database that comprises a large number of trajectories, a novel ascent profile is proposed with respect to height and velocity. Based on this profile, only inequity constraints exist in the optimization model, and the original optimization problem is converted to a parameter searching problem. The optimal trajectories are calculated using a hybrid optimization method that comprises a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method and the Hooke-Jeeves (HJ) method. With respect to online guidance, the profile is updated using a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) based on the current flight states and the database. Simulation validates the efficiency of the proposed optimization method by comparing the method with the pseudospectral method; the robustness of the guidance law is also validated using Monte Carlo simulation.     

基于模型的飞行管理系统安全性分析

提出一种基于模型的飞行管理系统安全性分析实施方法，首先对飞行管理系统进行了功能危害性分析， 识别了各项功能的失效状态及其影响，确定了失效状态的分类和失效概率要求。然后采用形式化语言AltaRica 对飞行管理系统模型进行了描述，借助商用软件对飞行管理系统进行了AltaRica 建模和故障树分析。分析过程 表明，基于模型的安全性分析，清晰直观，适合工程应用，是一种简单高效的安全性分析方法。     

飞行器半实物仿真装备研究进展与展望

根据制导体制不同，分别从光学制导仿真、射频制导仿真、光学/射频复合制导仿真等方面介绍了国内外半实物仿真装备研究进展。结合飞行器对半实物仿真技术提出新的发展需求，提出了全角度空间制导仿真、特殊环境/背景制导仿真、绕飞伴飞仿真、弹体气动伺服弹性仿真等特殊背景的半实物仿真方案。最后，结合飞行器技术和半实物仿真技术发展趋势，对飞行器半实物仿真装备的发展趋势进行了展望。     

一种可扩展的末制导雷达通用检测系统

介绍了采用ＩＥＥＥ－４８８总线标准实现的末制导雷达通用检测系统,概述了其硬件的组成和系统特点。并针对末制导雷达的测试规程和要求,阐述了软件系统的模块化设计思想,介绍了采用虚拟面板和虚拟仪器技术的ＡＴＥ软件设计方法。     

相控阵雷达导引头技术现状及发展趋势

相控阵雷达导引头具有反隐身和抗干扰等方面的突出优势,是当前国内外精确制导技术研究的重点和热点,且向着高集成度、超宽带、多功能、智能化的方向快速发展。本文结合当今相控阵雷达导引头的研究动态,阐述了相控阵雷达导引头的发展历程和世界各国相控阵雷达导引头的研究现状,从多个角度分析了相控阵雷达导引头的技术特点和技术优势,展望了相控阵雷达导引头在多频段/宽带、共形、多通道阵列、智能化等方面的发展方向和应用前景。随着相控阵制导技术的普及和应用,必将带动精确制导武器性能的大幅提升。     

带有控制变量变化率约束的伪谱轨迹优化方法

基于伪谱法提出一种能够求解带有控制变量变化率约束的轨迹优化方法。首先,应用伪谱法将轨迹优化转化为非线性规划;其次,引入有限差分法将控制量变化率约束转化为相邻离散点处控制量的线性约束;然后,应用非线性规划算法求解带有线性约束的非线性规划;最后,采用带有控制量变化率约束的轨迹优化问题对方法进行了验证。仿真结果表明,此方法能够快速求解带有控制量变化率约束的轨迹优化问题,与引入控制量导数作为虚拟控制量的传统控制量变化率约束处理方法相比,此方法计算量更小,并且避免了虚拟控制量振荡问题,更容易收敛,综合效果是能够将优化耗时减少大约80%。     

美军舰空导弹协同制导技术及其能力分析

介绍了美军舰空导弹协同制导的发展概况。阐述了标准6导弹的协同制导作战流程,分析了舰空导弹协同制导技术的能力,以及实现协同制导的关键技术。协同制导为舰空导弹实现超视距拦截创造了条件,可提高系统的作战效能和可靠性。     

三轴稳定深空探测器的自主姿态制导

针对深空探测器定向任务、定向手段和姿态约束的多样性,需要为探测器制订多种三轴姿态定向方案;同时深空环境对姿态敏感器选用造成了限制,使得从控制回路外部引入参考姿态指令成为必然.对此提出姿态制导的概念,给出了参考的姿态参数的星上实时计算方法,该算法利用自主导航信息,从矢量代数和矢量运动学的途径给出了定向任务所需的参考姿态和参考姿态角速率.制导方法经过了小天体探测多任务模式姿态控制数学仿真与演示的验证,能满足多种定向方案对姿态控制指令提出的算法通用、实时计算、便于星上自主实施的要求.     

红外图像降质因素分析及增强效果评价

在介绍红外成像制导中的图像获取的基础上,对红外图像的降质因素进行了分析,为有针对性地进行图像校正、滤波和增强等处理明确了方向。在对红外图像增强处理的效果评价方面,针对所掌握红外图像信息的完整性,分别就有参照图像的评价和盲图像的评价引入了不同的评价机制,从而为不同情况下的红外图像增强方法的有效性评估奠定了基础。