内吹式襟翼环量控制翼型升力响应特性

传统尖尾缘翼型通过控制迎角,综合利用襟翼、缝翼来改变升力,升力对迎角变化的时间响应历程可以用Wagner函数来描述,而内吹式襟翼（IBF）主要通过控制分离来拓展最大升力,并在一定范围内通过调节射流强度改变驻点位置和环量来对升力进行有效控制,其升力随吹气动量变化的时间响应尺度是否与传统尖尾缘翼型相同还不是很清楚。本文主要研究内吹式襟翼升力响应过程,并将其与传统尖后缘翼型升力响应特性进行对比。首先通过某襟翼偏角为30°的双圆弧环量控制翼型对数值方法进行验证,再对某最大厚度为18%弦长的亚声速翼型内吹式襟翼定常吹气控制下的流场进行非定常数值模拟,并分析了其中的瞬态特征。结果表明内吹式襟翼环量控制翼型对激励响应的时间依赖特征与Wagner函数有很好的相互关系,并可以用该函数来描述。     

C/C-Cu复合材料的烧蚀形貌和烧蚀机理

以PAN预氧化纤维整体毡为增强体,经碳化、等温CVI致密化后制备多孔的C/C复合材料预制体,利用气体压力浸渗法将Cu引入C/C预制体中制备C/C-Cu复合材料。采用氢氧(H2-O2)焰考核C/C-Cu复合材料的烧蚀性能,经扫描电镜和电子能谱对不同烧蚀区域的微观结构和成分进行分析,结果表明:预制体密度为0.96 g/cm3的C/C-Cu复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为4.75μm/s、0.223 mg/s,烧蚀性能优良;其烧蚀表面具有不同的宏观形貌,在烧蚀中心区产生了明显的凹坑,主要烧蚀机制为C/C预制体的氧化和铜基体的机械冲刷;烧蚀过渡区聚集了大量的铜基体,其烧蚀机制为Cu的热氧化和机械冲刷;烧蚀边缘区材料表面变黑,主要因为C/C的氧化。为了提高C/C-Cu的烧蚀性能,需要发挥C/C预制体的"钉扎"作用,阻止Cu在高温下被气流冲刷而发生流动。     

Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Effects on Thrust and Inlet Pressure of an Air-breathing Pulse Detonation Engine

Nozzle effects on thrust and inlet pressure of a multi-cycle air-breathing pulse detonation engine (APDE) are investigated experimentally. An APDE with 68 mm in diameter and 2 050 mm in length is operated using gasoline/air mixture. Straight nozzle, converging nozzle, converging-diverging nozzle and diverging nozzle are tested. The results show that thrust augmentation of converging-diverging nozzle, diverging nozzle or straight nozzle is better than that of converging nozzle on the whole. Thrust augmentation of straight nozzle is worse than those of converging-diverging nozzle and diverging nozzle. Thrust augmentations of diverging nozzle with larger expansion ratio and converging-diverging nozzle with larger throat area range from 20% to 40% on tested frequencies and are better than those of congeneric other nozzles respectively. Nozzle effects on inlet pressure are also researched. At each frequency it is indicated that filling pressures and average peak pressures of inlet with diverging nozzle and converging-diverging nozzle with large throat cross section area are higher than those with straight nozzle and converging nozzle. Pressures near thrust wall increase in an increase order from without nozzle, with diverging nozzle, straight nozzle and converging-diverging nozzle to converging nozzle.     

新型固态纳米团簇NaXe在核磁共振中的量子尺寸效应

介绍了从体材料、薄膜(面材料)至量子点材料的发展。讨论了纳米材料中量子尺寸效应的重要意义。在实验中,用Xe离子注入NaCl微晶的方法,获得了尺寸小于80 nm的新型固态纳米团簇NaXe,测得了这种新型纳米材料在核磁共振中化学位移的量子尺寸效应。     

超磁致伸缩材料作动器的研制及特性分析

 采用自制的TbDyFe超磁致伸缩材料设计并制作了主动振动控制用超磁致伸缩作动器 ,并对其偏置磁场、激励磁场、静态特性、动态特性和主动控制减振效果进行了测试和分析。研究结果表明 ,作动器工作应变在TbDyFe材料的线性区 ,其总伸缩量可达 70 μm。低频动态特性好 ,谐频影响小。在自适应滤波控制方式下使用该作动器对正弦振动进行主动控制减振 ,减振效果达到 30dB。磁场均匀性对作动器输出特性有明显影响 ,采用Ansys有限元软件精确设计作动器激励磁场 ,可提高超磁致伸缩材料沿轴向磁场均匀性。     

航天器内带电效应的微弱电流监测技术

航天器的内带电效应是影响其在轨稳定运行的重要因素.内带电效应的电流监测可以直接获得一手的内带电效应监测数据,也可获得反映引起内带电效应的高能电子充电环境的状态.针对近地中高地球轨道环境,基于国外电流监测数据并考虑可能遭遇的高能电子暴环境,分析获得了内带电效应电流的测量范围10 fA～500 pA.针对未来中高轨及木星、...     

超声马达工作性能影响因素的研究

系统阐述在超声马达的设计、制作过程中的机构设计、制作工艺、驱动电源等方面的关键问题。重点讨论超声振子的粘接技术,振子参数优化设计的方法,以及驱动电源的匹配和频率自动跟踪设计,最终设计出高性能的超声马达。     

环氧树脂基形状记忆复合材料的制备与性能

以自制的形状记忆环氧树脂为基体,CCF300级碳纤维U-3160织物为增强材料,采用真空袋成型工艺制备形状记忆复合材料,分析碳纤维含量对复合材料的形状记忆性能的影响。结果表明,当碳纤维含量为0%~50%时,随着增强体碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料的形状固定率由98%降至91%,形状回复率也由98%降至91%。在有限次的循环实验中,循环次数对形状固定率和形状回复率没有明显的影响。     

Multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for emission and cost reductions

Pollutant gases emitted from the civil jet are doing more and more harm to the environ- ment with the rapid development of the global commercial aviation transport. Low environmental impact has become a new requirement for aircraft design. In this paper, estimation method for emis- sion in aircraft conceptual design stage is improved based on the International Civil Aviation Orga- nization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions databank and the polynomial curve fitting methods. The greenhouse gas emission （CO2 equivalent） per seat per kilometer is proposed to measure the emis- sions. An approximate sensitive analysis and a multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for tradeoff between greenhouse effect and direct operating cost （DOC） are performed with five geom- etry variables of wing configuration and two flight operational parameters. The results indicate that reducing the cruise altitude and Mach number may result in a decrease of the greenhouse effect but an increase of DOC. And the two flight operational parameters have more effects on the emissions than the wing configuration. The Pareto-optimal front shows that a decrease of 29.8% in DOC is attained at the expense of an increase of 10.8% in greenhouse gases.     

基于面板数据模型的中西部地区加工贸易升级研究

我国经济高速发展,劳动力、土地等要素随之发生转变,加工贸易从东部地区向中西部地区转移,中西部地区加工贸易急需升级以适应发展。利用2001-2011年中西部地区部分省份的面板数据建立计量模型,通过检验对混合估计模型、固定效应模型和随机效应模型进行选择,并对选定模型的估计结果进行具体分析,提出中西部地区加工贸易升级的对策及建议。