The Geology of Mercury: The View Prior to the MESSENGER Mission

Mariner 10 and Earth-based observations have revealed Mercury, the innermost of the terrestrial planetary bodies, to be an exciting laboratory for the study of Solar System geological processes. Mercury is characterized by a lunar-like surface, a global magnetic field, and an interior dominated by an iron core having a radius at least three-quarters of the radius of the planet. The 45% of the surface imaged by Mariner 10 reveals some distinctive differences from the Moon, however, with major contractional fault scarps and huge expanses of moderate-albedo Cayley-like smooth plains of uncertain origin. Our current image coverage of Mercury is comparable to that of telescopic photographs of the Earth’s Moon prior to the launch of Sputnik in 1957. We have no photographic images of one-half of the surface, the resolution of the images we do have is generally poor (∼1 km), and as with many lunar telescopic photographs, much of the available surface of Mercury is distorted by foreshortening due to viewing geometry, or poorly suited for geological analysis and impact-crater counting for age determinations because of high-Sun illumination conditions. Currently available topographic information is also very limited. Nonetheless, Mercury is a geological laboratory that represents (1) a planet where the presence of a huge iron core may be due to impact stripping of the crust and upper mantle, or alternatively, where formation of a huge core may have resulted in a residual mantle and crust of potentially unusual composition and structure; (2) a planet with an internal chemical and mechanical structure that provides new insights into planetary thermal history and the relative roles of conduction and convection in planetary heat loss; (3) a one-tectonic-plate planet where constraints on major interior processes can be deduced from the geology of the global tectonic system; (4) a planet where volcanic resurfacing may not have played a significant role in planetary history and internally generated volcanic resurfacing may have ceased at ∼3.8 Ga; (5) a planet where impact craters can be used to disentangle the fundamental roles of gravity and mean impactor velocity in determining impact crater morphology and morphometry; (6) an environment where global impact crater counts can test fundamental concepts of the distribution of impactor populations in space and time; (7) an extreme environment in which highly radar-reflective polar deposits, much more extensive than those on the Moon, can be better understood; (8) an extreme environment in which the basic processes of space weathering can be further deduced; and (9) a potential end-member in terrestrial planetary body geological evolution in which the relationships of internal and surface evolution can be clearly assessed from both a tectonic and volcanic point of view. In the half-century since the launch of Sputnik, more than 30 spacecraft have been sent to the Moon, yet only now is a second spacecraft en route to Mercury. The MESSENGER mission will address key questions about the geologic evolution of Mercury; the depth and breadth of the MESSENGER data will permit the confident reconstruction of the geological history and thermal evolution of Mercury using new imaging, topography, chemistry, mineralogy, gravity, magnetic, and environmental data.     

卫星动量轮轴承组件的仿真可信度评估

研究了某一卫星的动量轮轴承组件仿真的可信度评估,基于仿真系统与物理试验系统的相似度与仿真可信度之间的关系,采用计算仿真与物理试验输出的相似度评估仿真可信度.确定了动量轮轴承组件仿真与试验输出的相似元,构建了量化其相似系数的函数.对于基于三角模糊数的层次分析法确定各要素影响权重的计算进行了改进.最后应用该方法对某一卫星动量轮轴承组件实例的可信度进行了度量.      

基于灰色理论的航空发动机整机振动状态评价

提出了一种基于灰色关联度的航空发动机整机振动状态评价方法,并介绍了该方法的数学原理及算法.以某型航空发动机整机振动试验数据作为样本,建立了标准特征库.通过计算被评估发动机的状态参数序列与标准状态参数序列之间的灰色关联度,评价发动机实际状态相对标准状态的近似程度,从而实现对航空发动机整机振动状态的评价.结果表明该方法可用于发动机状态定量评价,并具有简单方便,计算量小,可学习,诊断结果可靠等特点.     

基于通用微机的雷达终端系统设计

雷达终端是雷达系统的核心组成部分,有必要采用当前先进的软硬件技术来设计.考虑到雷达终端发展现状,着重分析了雷达的功能要求和系统中的信息流,构建了基于通用微机的模块化、软件化的雷达终端系统,并详细讨论了系统的结构及硬件和软件的设计.系统由通用微机和雷达信号处理板sD754lA来实现,在运行过程中稳定可靠,满足雷达信号数据实时处理和显示的需求.     

亚临界雷诺数圆柱绕流远场气动噪声实验研究

针对亚临界雷诺数下圆柱绕流的气动噪声问题,在北京航空航天大学D5气动声学风洞中进行了圆柱绕流远场气动噪声的实验研究。在D5气动声学风洞实验段不同来流条件下,测量消声室中距离圆柱不同位置的自由场传声器的远场声压信号,经过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)获得亚临界雷诺数下圆柱绕流气动噪声随来流速度、接收点距离的变化规律。实验结果表明:圆柱绕流的远场气动噪声在垂直气流方向最大,随着偏离垂直方向角度的增大噪声逐渐减小,属于典型的偶极子噪声源辐射特性;远场气动噪声近似与来流速度的6次方成正比,与接收点到圆柱中心距离的2次方成反比,这说明偶极子类型的噪声源是圆柱绕流的主要噪声源。      

基于小样本的试验系统可信度评估方法

针对小样本试验数据信息匮乏、难以利用概率统计方法进行可信度评估的问题,将重抽样方法与小样本区间估计方法相融合,提出了小样本试验系统新型可信度评估方法。利用重抽样理论,获取多个具有相同样本量的相似小样本。根据灰色系统理论,提出了改进的灰色置信度及置信区间的定义及计算方法。并在此基础上通过求公共区间的方式计算原小样本数据的灰色置信区间。该置信区间在相同的置信度下,区间宽度更窄,精度更高。通过算例仿真,验证了上述方法的合理性、有效性,对工程试验中的小样本数据系统评估提供了一定的方法指导。      

基于微处理器的大数及其计算方法研究

主要研究了无需限位的不定长二进制浮点数及其计算方法。给出了基于原码的不定长二进制浮点数的表示方法,并以加法和移位等逻辑算法为基础,总结出了不定长二进制浮点数四则运算的通用计算方法并给出计算实例,从而实现超长二进制浮点数的计算。     

二次通用旋转组合设计试验在造粒技术领域的应用研究

本文研究了利用二次通用旋转组合设计来进行多因素影响的振动流化床喷雾造粒试验,建立数学模型,得出了具有一定参数价值的最佳操作参数。     

基于 SMS P和 C & I 方式的假目标干扰效果研究

SM SP和C&I是美国科学家提出的两种新型假目标干扰产生方式，其主要是对DRFM 技术截获的雷达信号进行抽取、复制、组合，生成干扰信号，可在雷达接收端形成密集假目标干扰，并具有一定的移频和压制效果。建立了两种假目标干扰的数学模型，通过研究脉压后的干扰波形，分析子脉冲数目、时隙等因素对干扰效果的影响。     

提升通用飞机气动效率的设计策略研究

针对目前通用飞机借鉴大中型运输类飞机常规设计方法造成的气动效率较低、经济性较差的现状,分析通用飞机相对于其他飞机所具有的不同的设计特点;从空气动力学基本原理出发,结合通用飞机的特点,推导并分析其气动效率低下主要是由两个方面的矛盾耦合所造成的;提出可以有效改善通用飞机气动效率的设计策略;通过通用飞机总体参数设计优化实例印证新设计策略的有效性。结果表明:新设计策略可有效改善通用飞机的气动性能,提高其经济性,但相关研究具有较大的挑战性。