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531.
The woven fabric membrane materials are widely used in space and terrestrial inflatable reflectors. However the material?s anisotropy makes the design analysis more complex. The deviation from the desired shape, so-called “W-profile error”, influences the precision of the membrane surface significantly. In this study, a model of an axisymmetric paraboloid surface using membrane theory is established for the purpose of facilitating the surface precision optimization. Analytical solutions for displacements of the reflector are derived. An iteration method of initial reflector profile solution is stated and a finite element (FE) software employed in the solution is presented. A case study is illustrated to make a comparison between numerical and theoretical analyses. Finally, the conclusions are drawn that the analytical method and the FE iterative method for initial profile solution are feasible and efficient. 相似文献
532.
基于凸优化的再入轨迹三维剖面规划方法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
可重复使用飞行器一般采用大升阻比气动外形,再入轨迹三维剖面规划方法可充分发挥这类飞行器固有的机动能力。计算量大是制约三维剖面规划应用的难题,为提高计算效率,提出了一种基于凸优化的再入轨迹三维剖面规划方法。首先,分析运动方程特性,利用定义新的控制变量、约束松弛、连续线性化等技术,将原始非凸的三维剖面规划问题转化为一个凸优化问题。其次,将指令反解步骤嵌入至序列凸化算法中,通过迭代求解凸优化子问题,获得原问题的可行解。数值仿真结果表明所提方法具有较高的求解精度和确定的收敛性质,飞行器的机动能力得到充分发挥;与伪谱法的结果对比表明凸优化方法在轨迹规划问题上具有更高的求解效率。 相似文献
533.
肖志锋 《西安航空技术高等专科学校学报》2002,20(3):63-64
利用强极值原理将带电导静电场内,外等值面边值问题化为几个常规的椭圆型Dirichlet边值问题,并建立它们相应的第一类Fredholm边界积分方程,由这些方程的解的线性组合可构成原问题的解。 相似文献
534.
The differences between the composition of Galactic cosmic rays and that of the interstellar medium are manifold, and they
contain a wealth of information about the varying processes that created them. These differences reveal much about the initial
mixing of freshly synthesized matter, the chemistry and differentiation of the interstellar medium, and the mechanisms and
environment of ion injection and acceleration. Here we briefly explore these processes and show how they combine to create
the peculiar, but potentially universal, composition of the cosmic rays and how measurements of the composition can provide
a unique measure of the mixing ratio of the fresh supernova ejecta and the old interstellar medium in this initial phase of
interstellar mixing.
In particular, we show that the major abundance differences between the cosmic rays and the average interstellar medium can
all result from cosmic ray ion injection by sputtering and scattering from fast refractory oxide grains in a mix of fresh
supernova ejecta and old interstellar material. Since the bulk of the Galactic supernovae occur in the cores of superbubbles,
the bulk of the cosmic rays are accelerated there out of such a mix. We show that the major abundance differences all imply
a mixing ratio of the total masses of fresh supernova ejecta and old interstellar material in such cores is roughly 1 to 4.
That means that the metallicity of ∼3 times solar, since the ejecta has a metallicity of ∼8 times that of the present interstellar
medium. 相似文献
535.
利用辛体系所提供的双材料楔形结合平面问题的解析辛本征展开通解与特解,构造出具有任意高阶精度的可用于双材料含桥联力Ⅰ型Dugdale-Barenblatt (D-B)模型界面裂纹分析的一类解析奇异单元.将奇异单元与常规单元相结合,就可有效地分析具有任意形状和荷载作用的含界面裂纹平面问题,并能方便地求解出界面D-B模型的塑... 相似文献
536.
J. S. Kaastra A. M. Bykov S. Schindler J. A. M. Bleeker S. Borgani A. Diaferio K. Dolag F. Durret J. Nevalainen T. Ohashi F. B. S. Paerels V. Petrosian Y. Rephaeli P. Richter J. Schaye N. Werner 《Space Science Reviews》2008,134(1-4):1-6
We present the work of an international team at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern that worked together
to review the current observational and theoretical status of the non-virialised X-ray emission components in clusters of
galaxies. The subject is important for the study of large-scale hierarchical structure formation and to shed light on the
“missing baryon” problem. The topics of the team work include thermal emission and absorption from the warm-hot intergalactic
medium, non-thermal X-ray emission in clusters of galaxies, physical processes and chemical enrichment of this medium and
clusters of galaxies, and the relationship between all these processes. One of the main goals of the team is to write and
discuss a series of review papers on this subject. These reviews are intended as introductory text and reference for scientists
wishing to work actively in this field. The team consists of sixteen experts in observations, theory and numerical simulations. 相似文献
537.
通用CAPP系统结构及其实现方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在阐述通用CAPP(Computer-aided process planning)系统应满足的条件和需要解决的问题的基础上,针对目前CAPP系统存在的不可移植、开发成本高等缺陷,对工艺信息属性进行了分析,采用软件框架与处理方法分离,对系统进行初始化、流程苑点的可重构等策略,提出通用CAPP系统的功能与结构。给出了资源适配器的构造方法和规则学习、更新、扩充的实现方法,经在AutoProcess系统 相似文献
538.
The James Webb Space Telescope 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Jonathan P. Gardner John C. Mather Mark Clampin Rene Doyon Matthew A. Greenhouse Heidi B. Hammel John B. Hutchings Peter Jakobsen Simon J. Lilly Knox S. Long Jonathan I. Lunine Mark J. Mccaughrean Matt Mountain John Nella George H. Rieke Marcia J. Rieke Hans-Walter Rix Eric P. Smith George Sonneborn Massimo Stiavelli H. S. Stockman Rogier A. Windhorst Gillian S. Wright 《Space Science Reviews》2006,123(4):485-606
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large (6.6 m), cold (<50 K), infrared (IR)-optimized space observatory that will be launched early in the next decade into orbit around the second Earth–Sun Lagrange point. The observatory will have four instruments: a near-IR camera, a near-IR multiobject spectrograph, and a tunable filter imager will cover the wavelength range, 0.6 < ; < 5.0 μ m, while the mid-IR instrument will do both imaging and spectroscopy from 5.0 < ; < 29 μ m.The JWST science goals are divided into four themes. The key objective of The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and Reionization theme is to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the early universe. The key objective of The Assembly of Galaxies theme is to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and active nuclei within them evolved from the epoch of reionization to the present day. The key objective of The Birth of Stars and Protoplanetary Systems theme is to unravel the birth and early evolution of stars, from infall on to dust-enshrouded protostars to the genesis of planetary systems. The key objective of the Planetary Systems and the Origins of Life theme is to determine the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems including our own, and investigate the potential for the origins of life in those systems. Within these themes and objectives, we have derived representative astronomical observations.To enable these observations, JWST consists of a telescope, an instrument package, a spacecraft, and a sunshield. The telescope consists of 18 beryllium segments, some of which are deployed. The segments will be brought into optical alignment on-orbit through a process of periodic wavefront sensing and control. The instrument package contains the four science instruments and a fine guidance sensor. The spacecraft provides pointing, orbit maintenance, and communications. The sunshield provides passive thermal control. The JWST operations plan is based on that used for previous space observatories, and the majority of JWST observing time will be allocated to the international astronomical community through annual peer-reviewed proposal opportunities. 相似文献
539.
The infrared radiation signature of the plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics is not the same. Three kinds of double-base propellants of different energy characteristics are chosen to measure the infrared spectral radiance from 1000 cm 1 to 4500 cm 1 of their plumes. The radiative spectrum is obtained in the tests. The experimental results indicate that the infrared radiation of the plume is determined by the energy characteristics of the propellant. The radiative transfer calculation models of the exhaust plume for the solid propellants are established. By including the chemical reaction source term and the radiation source term into the energy equation, the plume field and the radiative transfer are solved in a coupled way. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental data, so the reliability of the models is confirmed. The temperature distribution and the extent of the afterburning of the plume are distinct for the propellants of different energy characteristics, therefore the plume radiation varies for different propellants. The temperature of the fluid cell in the plume will increase or decrease to some extent by the influence of the radiation term. 相似文献
540.
G. Klingelhöfer J. Brückner C. D’uston R. Gellert R. Rieder 《Space Science Reviews》2007,128(1-4):383-396
The Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) is a small instrument to determine the elemental composition of a given sample.
For the ESA Rosetta mission, the periodical comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was selected as the target comet, where the lander
PHILAE (after landing) will carry out in-situ observations. One of the instruments onboard is the APXS to make measurements
on the landing site. The APXS science goal is to provide basic compositional data of the comet surface. As comets consist
of a mixture of ice and dust, the dust component can be characterized and compared with known meteoritic compositions. Various
element ratios can be used to evaluate whether chemical fractionations occurred in cometary material by comparing them with
known chondritic material. To enable observations of the local environment, APXS measurements of several spots on the surface
and one spot as function of temperature can be made. Repetitive measurements as function of heliocentric distance can elucidate
thermal processes at work. By measuring samples that were obtained by drilling subsurface material can be analyzed. The accumulated
APXS data can be used to shed light on state, evolution, and origin of 67P/Churyumov- Gerasimenko. 相似文献