飞机全动式鸭翼载荷飞行测量技术

根据现代鸭式飞机结构特点及载荷飞行实测要求,提出了在鸭翼大轴外缘选择一个剖面进行测载应变计改装的方法,并采用不同侧应变计以特定方式组成惠斯通电桥,以达到某种应变电桥只对与其对应的载荷敏感,而对其他载荷响应较小的目的,从应变响应上对鸭翼的弯矩、扭矩和剪力载荷进行机械解耦。在载荷校准试验中,左右鸭翼同时对称向上施加校准载荷,利用飞机重量和后机身托架即可平衡加载载荷引起的飞机移动和转动,不需要对飞机进行复杂的约束和固定。通过对校准试验数据的分析,采用多元线性回归方法,建立了鸭翼载荷模型,并对载荷模型进行了验证。选取典型试飞状态,对各种机动情况下鸭翼实测飞行载荷进行了分析研究,给出了鸭翼主要的严重受载状态。     

One-week habitation of two humans in an airtight facility with two goats and 23 crops – Analysis of carbon,oxygen, and water circulation

Human habitation and animal holding experiments in a closed environment, the Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities (CEEF), were carried out. The CEEF were established for collecting experimental data to estimate carbon transfer in the ecosystem around Rokkasho nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. Circulation of O₂ and CO₂, and supply of food from crops cultivated in the CEEF were conducted for the first time in the habitation experiments. Two humans known as eco-nauts inhabited the CEEF, living and working in the Plant Module (PM) and the Animal and Habitation Module (AHM), for a week three times in 2005. On a fresh weight basis, 82% of their food was supplied from 23 crops including rice and soybean, cultivated and harvested in the PM, in the 2nd and 3rd experiments. For the goats, the animals held in the experiments, all of their feed, consisting of rice straw, soybean plant leaves, and peanut shells and peanut plant leaves, was produced in the PM in the 2nd and 3rd experiments. The O₂ produced in the PM by photosynthesis of the crops was separated by the O₂ separator using molecular sheaves, then accumulated, transferred, and supplied to the AHM atmosphere. The CO₂ produced in the AHM by respiration of the humans and animals was separated by the CO₂ separator using solid amine, then accumulated, transferred, and supplied to the PM atmosphere. The amount of O₂ consumed in the AHM was 46–51% of that produced in the PM, and the amount of CO₂ produced in the AHM was 43–56% of that consumed in the PM. The surplus of O₂ and the shortage of CO₂ was a result of the fact that waste of the goats and the crops and part of the human waste were not processed in these habitation experiments. The estimated amount of carbon ingested by the eco-nauts was 64–92% of that in the harvested edible part of the crops. The estimated amount of carbon ingested by the goats was 36–53% of that in the harvested inedible part of the crops. One week was not enough time for determination of gas exchange especially for humans and animals, because fluctuation of their gas exchange was quite high. The amount of transpired water collected as condensate was 818–938 L d⁻¹, and it was recycled as replenishing water compensating transpiration loss of nutrient solution. The amount of waste nutrient solution discharged from the PM was 1421–1644 L d⁻¹. The waste nutrient solutions from rice and other crops were processed through micro filters (MFs) separately. The MF filtrated solutions were processed with reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filter separately and divided into filtrated water and concentrated waste nutrient solution. The concentrated waste nutrient solution from the crops other than rice was processed through an ultra-micro filter (UF) and reused, although that from rice was discharged in 2005. Concentrations of nutritional ions in the UF filtrated solution were determined, the depleted ions were added back, the UF filtrated solution was diluted with the RO membrane filtrated water, and the nutrient solution for the crops other than rice was regenerated. The nutrient solution for rice was newly made each time, using concentrated solution from an external source and the RO membrane filtrated water. Average amounts of water used in the AHM (L d⁻¹) were determined as follows: drinking by humans (filtrated water), 1.5; cooking, etc. (filtrated water other than for drinking), 14.3; drinking by goats, 3.8; showering (hot water), 13.2; showering (cold water), 0.1; washing of hand and face and brushing teeth, 4.1; washing of dishes, dish clothes and towels, 36.4; and washing of animal holding tools, 0.3. The waste water was processed by a RO purification system and recycled for toilet flushing and animal pens washing. A circulation experiment for water was started in 2006 and a circulation experiment for waste materials is planned for 2007. In 2006, a single duration of the air circulation experiments was 2 weeks, although the human habitants were changed after 1 week.     

BE120—2CA／3CA应变计的线／弹性应变范围

在材料实验机上,采用简单的拉伸方法确定了应变计的线/弹性应变范围.实验证明,用该方法确定的应变计的线/弹性应变范围完全能满足工程测试的需要.     

量规刻线参数设计方法的改进

论述了刻线量规设计、制造、使用中存在的问题和改进方法，并介绍了以刻线中心为基准，以线深控制线宽的刻线方法．     

气动天平用箔式应变计几个问题的讨论

本文简要叙述气动天平用箔式应变计温度自补偿问题,讨论了应变计性能对气动天平精确度的影响,对施工工艺等诸因素影响气动天平的精准度、稳定性等问题作了较详细的分析,作者认为对气动天平进行温度补偿和弹性模量补偿对高精度气动天平是必要的。     

燃气轮机刷丝与平衡盘碰摩的振动故障诊断

针对某型航改燃气轮机压气机机匣振动超限故障,通过时频和振动幅值趋势分析,结合分解检查结果进行了试验验证,发现平衡盘端面与刷环刷丝之间发生碰摩为根本原因,碰摩形式与传统涡轮叶尖与外环块之间的碰摩形式截然不同。通过定性分析发现,激振力主要通过低压涡轮输出轴传递,且因受№1支点的"杠杆"作用,对振动响应进行了放大;碰摩产生的激振力大小主要与引气量和二者间隙相关,刷环刷丝的表面刚性是随引气量变化的变刚度过程,分析了在燃气轮机动力涡轮转速稳定后,压气机动力涡轮基频幅值随燃气发生器转速提高而继续增大的原因,最后得到力学模型和运动方程。     

用扭摆测试导弹惯性积的方法

描述了一种通过测量导弹在六个不同位置的转动惯量来计算导弹惯性积，进而计算导弹纵轴与主惯性轴夹角的方法。对长度较长、竖直放置在测试台上很困难的导弹，提出了将导弹纵轴 角度，间接计算纵向转动惯量的计算方法，使得在同一台设备上能测量导弹全部惯性张量。转动惯量通过扭摆法测量，在测量过程中，由于导弹转动速度很慢，可以忽略空气阻力的影响，有较高的测量精度。     

航天器热平衡试验及其虚拟试验技术

文章从热平衡试验的目的出发,讨论了热平衡试验的平衡判据、航天器热数学模型和试验验证;展望了将真实试验与虚拟试验相结合的航天器热平衡试验的发展趋势:不仅热平衡试验的工况大为减少,每个工况的时间大为缩短,而且试验方法将会发生根本变化。     

虚拟样机与天平研制

虚拟样机是一种数字产品模型,是一种新型的基于产品计算机仿真模型的数字化设计方法,是将目前的CAD、CAE等CAx技术结合在一起的一种集成技术,贯穿于产品生命周期的全过程。应用虚拟样机技术现已成功地完成了多台天平及其支撑系统的研制,其在风洞应变天平及其相关设备的研制中将发挥越来越重要的作用。     

矢量喷管六分量测力试验台的研制

为用于矢量喷管试验而研制的新型六分量天平试验台选择台式天平作为测力天平设计方案、对称全弹性波纹管作为连接试验台和固定管道的引气管道 ,采用地轴单元校和地轴多元校获取天平工作公式 ,并采用试验修正消除波纹管的影响。根据天平静校和标准收敛喷管的动校检验 ,该天平性能达到了设计要求 ,说明天平的研制是成功的。