An Integer Precise Point Positioning technique for sea surface observations using a GPS buoy

GPS data dedicated to sea surface observation are usually processed using differential techniques. Unfortunately, the precision of resulting kinematic positions is baseline-length dependent. So, high precision sea surface observations using differential GPS techniques are limited to coasts, lakes, and rivers. Recent improvements in GPS satellite products (orbits, clocks, and phase biases) make phase ambiguity fixing at the zero difference level achievable and opens up the observation of the sea surface without geographical constraints. This paper recalls the concept of the Integer Precise Point Positioning technique and discusses the precision of GPS buoy positioning. A sequential version of the GINS software has been implemented to achieve single epoch GPS positioning. We used 1 Hz data from a two week GPS campaign conducted in the Kerguelen Islands. A GPS buoy has been moored close to a radar gauge and 90 m away from a permanent GPS station. This infrastructure offers the opportunity to compare both kinematic Integer Precise Point Positioning and classical differential GPS positioning techniques to in situ radar gauge data. We found that Precise Point Positioning results are not significantly biased with respect to radar gauge data and that horizontal time series are consistent with differential processing at the sub-centimetre precision level. Nevertheless, standard deviations of height time series with respect to radar gauge data are typically [4–5] cm. The dominant driver for noise at this level is attributed to errors in tropospheric estimates which propagate into position solutions.     

非结构混合网格自适应并行技术

计算流体力学（CFD）模拟实际工程问题所采用的网格规模可达千万量级，并行技术是减少计算时间的有效方法。耦合流场信息的网格自适应技术能有效动态优化计算网格，被NASA视为一项亟待发展的CFD关键技术。混合网格自适应系统包含网格分布优化、表面网格投影和空间网格匹配等关键技术。针对以上3项关键技术分别建立了高效的并行算法。首先，提出了"先唯一后同一"的两步法策略实现了网格单元分布优化过程的并行相容性；其次，基于局部曲面拟合思想，实现了曲面重构和新增物理网格点投影的完全并行；再次，提出了空间网格匹配技术的半并行算法，快速解决了网格单元交错问题。为了提高后续流场计算的并行效率，发展了基于并行重分区-网格数据迁移方法的动态负载平衡技术，并采用圆柱激波流场自适应模拟对动态负载平衡技术进行初步验证。最后，采用三角翼自适应加密测试了自适应系统的并行效率。结果表明，建立的混合网格自适应系统并行效率较高，且相比流场求解耗费总时间的比例低于1%。     

Using altimetry and seafloor pressure data to estimate vertical deformation offshore: Vanuatu case study

Measuring ground deformation underwater is essential for understanding Earth processes at many scales. One important example is subduction zones, which can generate devastating earthquakes and tsunamis, and where the most important deformation signal related to plate locking is usually offshore. We present an improved method for making offshore vertical deformation measurements, that involve combining tide gauge and altimetry data. We present data from two offshore sites located on either side of the plate interface at the New Hebrides subduction zone, where the Australian plate subducts beneath the North Fiji basin. These two sites have been equipped with pressure gauges since 1999, to extend an on-land GPS network across the plate interface. The pressure series measured at both sites show that Wusi Bank, located on the over-riding plate, subsides by 11 ± 4 mm/yr with respect to Sabine Bank, which is located on the down-going plate. By combining water depths derived from the on-bottom pressure data with sea surface heights derived from altimetry data, we determine variations of seafloor heights in a global reference frame. Using altimetry data from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2 and Envisat missions, we find that the vertical motion at Sabine Bank is close to zero and that Wusi Bank subsides by at least 3 mm/yr and probably at most 11 mm/yr.     

电容式油量表零、满值调整及故障分析

就电容式油量表零、满值调整及故障分析，从理论上进行了深入研究和探讨，总结了油量表零、满值的调整规律及电路故障分析的基本方法，为维修人员 实际工作提供了参考。     

价值驱动因素分析在平衡记分卡中的应用

文章从企业内在价值出发，推导出企业价值创造的三个重要驱动因素和条件；通过驱动因素、敏感性和可行性以及SWOT分析，构建平衡记分卡财务、顾客、内部经营和学习与成长4个方面的绩效指标。使其成为一种有效的价值管理工具。     

业务发展与企业持续成长分析

过去,在业务的研究中,人们更多的是从业务选择来分析问题,而忽视了一个重要视角:业务本身的发展过程.从业务的三个层次:现有业务、新的业务及业务退出对企业持续成长的作用分析中,得出只有保持业务发展的三个层次协调平衡,才能实现企业持续成长的结论.     

方形角尺的测量及不确定度评定

介绍了方形角尺垂直度误差的测量方法、测量中的关键问题以及测量不确定度分析.     

红外笼模拟外热流方法对空间相机温度的影响分析

空间相机的热平衡试验中,一般采用红外笼—热流计的闭环控制系统来模拟相机进光口处的外热流。为研究该种热流模拟方法对相机温度场的影响,建立了简化的模型进行分析。分析结果表明,红外热流模拟对相机温度场的影响体现在相机整体温度水平和光学件温度均匀性两个方面。对于有精密控温要求的空间相机来说,这一影响产生的误差是必须考虑的。     

利用太阳模拟器进行热平衡试验的方法探讨

文章介绍了在利用太阳模拟器进行热平衡试验的过程中,热流模拟对航天器姿态的要求,为确定我国大型空间环境模拟设备的运动模拟器的方案提出了建议.文章还论及了热平衡试验中热管、地球辐照和反照的模拟等相关问题.     

Ka波段微波通道的仿真设计

简述Ka波段微波通道的设计要点,以Agilent ADS软件为平台建立仿真模型,选用S参数和谐波平衡仿真工具对接收和发射信道进行设计仿真,得到了满足信道要求的仿真指标,其中接收信道变频增益10dB,噪声系数11.5dB,发射信道输出功率28dBm,变频增益23.7dB,实现了微波通道方案的可行性验证。