旋转爆震发动机燃烧室气膜出流影响数值研究

针对旋转爆震发动机（RDE）壁面的高热负荷问题,开展旋转爆震发动机燃烧室壁面气膜冷却的数值仿真,探究气膜出流与爆震波、斜激波和燃烧室流场之间的相互作用以及气膜对壁面的冷却特性。研究结果表明:爆震波对气膜的压缩和冷却孔的堵塞作用明显,气膜对爆震波整体的传播特性影响较小。受爆震波和燃烧室流场的影响,气膜出流存在周期性的摆动情况,这在一定程度上影响了壁面的冷却效果。在爆震波覆盖的壁面区域,峰值壁温下降程度有限,但时均壁温的降幅超过26.9%;在斜激波覆盖区域,随着冷气量的增加,峰值壁温和时均壁温的降幅超过32.5%和51.3%,气膜对该区域壁面的冷却效果更加明显。      

翼型波浪水面巡航地面效应数值模拟

数值求解非定常不可压缩流动的雷诺平均N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,用VOR(Volume Of Fluid)方法模拟波浪水面,模拟了NACA2410翼型在波浪水面上方飞行的流场.研究了余弦波浪水面的生成方法,选取合适的计算网格和时间步长,避免了在生成规则余弦波浪水面时由于数值耗散使波面形状衰减.比较了固壁波浪与水面波浪计算结果的差异,发现固壁波浪的结果更接近余弦曲线分布.研究了波浪等级对翼型气动性能的影响,分析计算结果发现:在规则的余弦水面波浪上方飞行,翼型气动力呈现周期性,给出了一个周期内气动力的变化过程,以及波长和波幅对气动力平均值和波动幅度的影响规律.      

提高航天器超声检漏灵敏度的方法研究

应用超声进行航天器舱体及管道系统检漏是一种可快速定位漏点的无损检测方法,从试验方法及信号处理上可以有效提高各种工况下的检漏灵敏度。文章对非接触超声检漏提高有效湍流强度增强超声信号和接触超声检漏改变信号带通频率这两种方法进行了试验研究。结果显示,采用这两种方法均能增强有效信号强度,提高检漏灵敏度。     

Influence of shock attenuation on tailored operation in free piston shock tunnels

The free piston shock tunnel is a type of shock tunnel with high performance. For this type of tunnel, the influence mechanism of shock wave attenuation on tailored operation is explored by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. By introducing the normalized velocity, the simple constraint equation for shock wave under the tailored operation is deduced. Moreover, the real gas effect is also taken into account in this equation. Based on the equation, the tailored operation of shock tunnels can be predicted with very few calculations. The present study shows that the change rate of the thermodynamic state of the gas behind the shock wave is inconsistent with the attenuation rate of the shock wave, which is the fundamental reason why the wind tunnel achieves tailored operation at a lower Mach number of shock waves. This lower Mach number of shock waves differs from the corresponding ideal value by a factor, which is about the square root of shock attenuation rate.     

对称负重合型气动伺服阀零位流动状态分析

针对负重合型气动伺服阀(PSV)零位特性设计缺少理论依据问题,根据单个节流口的气体质量流量公式建立起气动伺服阀滑阀级的数学模型,采用假设求证法分析了零位时气体流经上、下游节流口的流动状态与影响因素之间的关系。结果表明在不同供、排气压力比下,负重合量不均等系数小于0.5283的气动伺服阀有3种可能的零位流动状态,即上、下游节流口均为亚声速流动,或者均为声速流动,或者上游节流口为声速时下游节流口为亚声速流动;负重合量不均等系数不小于0.5283的气动伺服阀有两种可能的零位流动状态,即上、下游节流口均为亚声速流动,以及上游节流口为亚声速时下游节流口为声速流动。可知气动伺服阀的零位流动状态由负重合量不均等系数与供、排气压力比共同决定。以负重合量不均等系数分别为0.5、1、2的气动伺服阀为例进行了计算和实验验证,实验结果与理论分析相吻合。     

Suppressing unsteady motion of shock wave by high-frequency plasma synthetic jet

Three Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuators (PSJA) under the high-frequency actuation are used to control the Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction (SWBLI), a high-speed schlieren image processing method based on spatial Fourier transform as well as snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition were used to study the control effect of high-frequency plasma synthetic jet on low-frequency unsteadiness of SWBLI. The analysis of the base flow shows that the separated shock wave actually has both large- and small-amplitude vibrations at low frequency. And the results revealed that the PSJA with an operating frequency of 2 kHz has the ability to reduce the energy of low-frequency component of shock wave motion, indicating that the 2 kHz actuation can effectively suppress low-frequency unsteadiness of the separated wave. Compared with the actuation frequency of 2 kHz, the energy of low-frequency component of the shock wave is enhanced under the 8 kHz actuation, which aggravates the low-frequency unsteady motion of the shock wave. It is likely that the actuation frequency is too high, thus the intensity of the precursor shock wave induced by PSJA becomes weaker. Additionally, as the 4 kHz actuation is applied, the pulsation of the separation region was enhanced, it is speculated that the actuation frequency is coupled with the oscillation frequency of the separation region.     

压缩氮气驱动的高速气炮实验技术

文章介绍压缩氮气驱动的二级气炮、三级气炮的研制背景、设计技术和发射性能特点,分析活塞质量、弹丸质量、驱动气压和泵管初充气压等发射参数对发射弹速和发射效果的影响,分析了制约提高弹速上限的主要因素,还介绍利用上述二级气炮和三级气炮开展的若干实验研究情况,评估压缩氮气驱动多级气炮的开发应用前景。     

Excellent electromagnetic wave absorption of MOF/SiBCN nanomaterials at high temperature

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials at high-temperature are urgently needed for stealth aircrafts or aero-engines worked in harsh environments. In this contribution, cobalt-containing siliconboron carbonitride (MOF/SiBCN) nanomaterials were prepared by pyrolyzing metal–organic framework, i.e. cobalt 2-methylimidazole (ZIF-67), and hyperbranched polyborosilazane. The rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-67 and cobalt element promoted in situ formation of dielectric loss phases, including SiC nanocrystals, CoSi nanocrystals and turbostratic carbons. The ZIF-67/SiBCN nanomaterials showed excellent microwave absorption both at room and elevated temperature. The minimum reflection coefficient (RC_min) was −51.6 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 3.93 GHz at room temperature. At an elevated temperature of 600 °C, the RC_min reached −30.29 dB and EAB covered almost the whole X-band (3.95 GHz, 8.45–12.4 GHz). The ZIF-67/SiBCN nanocomposites are promising and useful platform for microwave absorbing materials at high-temperature. It may shed light on the downstream applications in designing next generation areo-engines and stealth aircrafts.     

基于GRECO的复杂目标多次散射RCS计算

复杂目标多次散射问题对于目标雷达散射截面(RCS,Radar Cross Section)的精确预估具有重要影响.以图形电磁计算(GRECO,Graphic Electromagnetic Lomputing)软件为平台,充分利用其可视化计算的特点,采用像素为基本计算单元,开发了一种多次散射计算方法.通过获取像素几何信息,搜索符合多次散射条件的像素对,并将高频计算方法中的几何光学和物理光学相结合,实现了对发生多次散射的复杂目标RCS可视化计算.应用AUTOCAD软件建立了角反射器和导弹模型,将最终计算结果与参考文献中计算结果进行对比,取得了较为理想的结果,证明了该方法具有很好的工程应用价值.     

1+1/2对转涡轮非定常流动数值模拟

为了掌握对转涡轮内部的复杂流动以改进航空燃气轮机的设计,利用数值模拟手段对所设计的1+1/2对转涡轮内部非定常流动进行了研究,将定常和非定常结果进行了详细的对比分析,结果表明:非定常结果与定常结果相比出功比减小,总效率约减小0.44%,流量基本不变,其中尾迹、激波、位势作用以及泄漏流等因素之间的相互作用是影响非定常特性的主要因素.