Evaluation of pressure oscillations by a laboratory motor

Aeroacoustic pressure oscillation is one of the important challenges in segmented solid rocket motors with high slenderness ratio. The reason for these oscillations can be searched in vortex shedding due to grain burning surfaces, holes and slots. In this paper, a novel sub-scaled motor was used for evaluation of aeroacoustic pressure oscillations. First, the related parameters to scale down using Buckingham’s Pi-theorem were determined and then the sub-scaled motor was designed and manufactured. After this, Strouhal number in various grain forms and vortex shedding prediction criteria have been discussed. Then, one-dimensional linear and non-linear solution approaches have been presented. To understand the motor internal flow and vortex shedding formation, steady state computational fluid dynamic performed for seven regression steps and finally, two static tests have been performed. Results show that various definitions for Strouhal number are useful only for primarily glance on vortex shedding and pressure oscillations and so CFD solution and the test program are inevitable for a correct understanding of the ballistic operational condition of the motor. Experimental results demonstrated the existence of such oscillations with frequencies nearly equal to axial modes. It seems that non-linear parameters have small effects on aeroacoustic pressure oscillation and therefore the linear solution is acceptable to obtain approximate data. Of course, it should be emphasized that linear solution represents oscillations on overall motor action time, whereas the output of non-linear solution depends on thermochemistry properties of solid propellant and combustion products. Therefore, with a non-linear solution, oscillations maybe occur in some intervals of action time. FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) results demonstrated that although both first and second acoustic modes have been excited, the position of longitudinal oscillation has an important role on which one is dominant.     

霍尔推力器不同壁面侵蚀对低频振荡特性影响研究

基于霍尔推力器一维准中性流体模型,对放电壁面侵蚀对低频振荡特性的影响进行了数值模拟研究。通过改变霍尔推力器放电通道的横截面积,研究了霍尔推力器寿命期内通道受离子溅射后,放电电流振荡特性变化。研究结果显示,横截面积从25cm2增大到37cm2时,放电电流振荡幅值增加,振荡频率基本不变;继续增加横截面积,放电电流振荡幅值减小,振荡频率增加。理论分析表明:通道侵蚀面积增大,导致离子碰撞频率变化,进而引起振荡特性变化。     

超燃冲压发动机带凹槽的燃烧室流场振荡研究

为了分析闭式凹槽的流场振荡现象,结合试验和二维非定常数值模拟方法,开展了三种条件下的非定常研究.通过实验发现,长深比较大的凹槽作为超燃冲压发动机火焰稳定装置时,凹槽的冷流流场存在强烈的振荡现象.结合二维非定常数值模拟方法,初步分析了振荡机理:振荡的主要原因是燃烧室入口气流马赫数的大小,马赫数2.0条件下,流场周期振荡;马赫数3.0条件下,流场可以稳定存在.根据分析结果给出了流场特征与马赫数的定性依赖关系.通过增加隔离段长度的方法对分析结果进行了验证.     

Perpendicular transport of charged particles: Results for the unified nonlinear transport theory derived from the Newton–Lorentz equation

The perpendicular diffusion coefficient is calculated by combining a recently developed Unified Nonlinear Transport (UNLT) theory with the Newton–Lorentz equation. The total perpendicular mean free path can be described as a combination of a guiding center contribution and a microscopic contribution. It is shown that the total mean free path depends strongly on the energy range of the turbulence power spectrum and on particle energy. Further, a slab/2D composite model is used to investigate the influence of each contribution to the total mean free path for a quasi-3D turbulence model. For pure 2D turbulence the UNLT reduces to the NLGC-theory. For pure slab turbulence the guiding center contribution is subdiffusive in accordance with simulations and the theorem on reduced dimensionality. Conversely, the microscopic contribution is non-zero, which has to be interpreted as normal diffusion.     

用于气动声学计算的非均匀网格紧致差分格式

为克服传统紧致差分格式在数值求解非均匀网格问题时产生的寄生波,构造了一种新的高精度紧致差分格式.通过泰勒展开分析方法,详细给出了格式系数的通用形式;利用傅里叶分析方法,分析了数值耗散、色散误差.以3对角6阶精度紧致差分格式求解均匀扰动网格问题为例,计算表明:色散值和耗散值随扰动因子的增加而更加趋近于精确值;当扰动因子大于0.213时,格式不稳定,当扰动因子小于等于0.213时,格式渐近稳定;对一维对流波和二维波传播的模拟计算所得数值解与精确解吻合,体现了该格式在求解非均匀网格问题时的优越性.      

低于自起动马赫数时高超进气道的非定常流动特性

采用非定常数值仿真的方法研究了低于自起动马赫数时高超声速进气道的非定常流动特性.研究表明:低于进气道自起动马赫数时,进气道处于不起动状态,流场发生喉道壅塞性振荡现象,其流场振荡频率为250Hz.流场振荡主要发生在喉道之前,对其后流场影响相对较小,扰动信号由喉道以当地气流速度向下游传播.隔离段长度对喉道壅塞性流场振荡几乎没有影响.飞行马赫数较小时流场未出现振荡现象,当飞行马赫数靠近自起动马赫数时流场出现周期性振荡现象,并且随着飞行马赫数的增大,此类流场振荡趋于强烈;进气道压差阻力随着时间推进呈现周期性变化,振荡频率同样为250Hz.      

大迎角下小振幅振荡三角翼破裂涡的频率特性

在风洞和水洞中分别进行了小振幅振荡三角翼的动态测压和热膜测速实验,目的是研究振荡的无量纲频率 n 对于三角翼前缘涡的频率特性的影响.对风洞中测得的压力数据进行频谱分析,发现 n 值在0.018~0.036时,即与三角翼翼面上涡破裂点的振荡频率接近时,会发生耦合现象,使振动能量明显加强;对水洞中测得的速度数据进行频谱分析,则发现 n 在0.8~1.4的范围内,即与螺旋波的传播频率接近时,三角翼的振荡会使涡破裂点向后缘移动,延缓了涡的破裂,使螺旋波频率增大.     

激光推进辐射击穿温度特性的数值研究

在9种等离子体击穿温度下,数值模拟了二次反射式聚焦系统聚焦情况下激光推力器内流场的演化过程,得到了不同击穿温度对应的能量沉积率、推力峰值、冲量和冲量耦合系数,能量沉积率和推进性能参数在某个等离子体击穿温度值处发生突变。根据空气对激光的逆韧致吸收系数公式,计算了CO2激光辐照下不同等离子体击穿温度对应的空气辐射自由程,发现当等离子体击穿温度为14000K时,辐射自由程为1.4mm,与计算网格的典型尺寸相当,此时入射激光能量在一个网格内以一定效率被吸收,由此确定了基于逆韧致吸收的激光等离子体的击穿温度。     

基于翼面压力的飞行器气动力感知技术与自由飞验证

飞行器在大迎角飞行状态下其复杂绕流流动会导致非指令运动出现,严重影响了飞行器的操纵性与飞行安全。现有以惯性元件为核心的机载设备无法直接提供非定常气动力参数,而如何实时感知飞行器大迎角状态的非定常气动力/力矩,是抑制非指令运动现象的核心所在,将是未来战机设计中亟待解决的空气动力学和飞行控制的关键问题之一。针对上述问题,提出基于翼面压力信息获取特征截面滚转力矩系数C_lsec,估算飞行器全机在大迎角状态下的非定常气动力矩,进而判断飞行器的滚转运动的设想。风洞和飞行试验研究结果表明：对于80°/48°双三角翼,0.8c特征截面滚转力矩系数C_lsec与模型滚转力矩存在相关性;在飞行器进行大迎角平飞动作时,非指令滚转运动下的滚转力矩系数C_lsec大幅增加;C_lsec能够比惯性传感器提前预测模型的滚转运动趋势,可为飞行器大迎角状态的非指令运动抑制提供一定数据依据。     

Quasi-biennial oscillation in GPS VTEC measurements

The quasi-biennial oscillation, QBO, a well known periodicity in the equatorial stratospheric zonal winds, is also found in ionospheric parameters and in solar and geomagnetic activity indices. Many authors speculated about the link between the QBO in solar and geomagnetic activity and the QBO in atmospheric parameters. In this work we analyze the presence of the QBO in the ionosphere using the Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) values obtained from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements during the period 1999–2012. In particular, we used IONEX files, i.e. the International GNSS Service (IGS) ionospheric products. IONEX provide VTEC values around the world at 2-h intervals. From these data we compute global and zonal averages of VTEC at different local times at mid and equatorial geomagnetic latitudes. VTEC and Extreme Ultra Violet (EUV) solar flux time series are analyzed using a wavelet multi resolution analysis. In all cases the QBO is detected among other expected periodicities.