Global empirical models of the density peak height and of the equivalent scale height for quiet conditions

Monthly average electron density profiles have been calculated from hourly electron density N(h) recorded in 26 digisonde stations distributed worldwide encompassing the time interval 1998–2006. The ionospheric electron density peak height of the F2 region, hmF2, and the effective scale height at the hmF2, Hm, deduced from average profiles have been analyzed to obtain the quiet-time behavior and have been analytically modeled by the spherical harmonic analysis (SH) technique using the modip latitude as the coordinate of the reference system. The coefficients of the SH models of hmF2 and Hm are bounded to the solar activity, and the temporal and seasonal variations are considered by Fourier expansion of the coefficients. The SH models provide a tool to predict hmF2 and Hm located anywhere in the range of latitudes between of 70°N and 70°S and at any time. The SH analytical model for hmF2 improves the fit to the observations by 10% in average compared to the IRI prediction, and it might improve the IRI prediction of hmF2 by more than 30% at high and low latitudes. The analytical model for Hm predicts the quiet behavior of the effective scale height with accuracy better than 15% in average which enables to obtain a good estimation of vertical profiles. These results could be useful to estimate information for the topside profile formulation.     

面向叶片型面的五轴联动柔性数控砂带抛光技术

针对叶片型面抛光,在分析五轴联动数控砂带抛光可行性的基础上,设计并开发了五轴联动柔性数控砂带抛光机。提出了接触轮与叶片型面有效贴合的概念,并通过改善抛光工具、采用柔性抛光技术和控制抛光轴矢量来实现砂带与叶片型面的有效贴合。抛光轴矢量由抛光位点处法矢和接触轮进给矢量计算获得,既实现了砂带与叶片型面的有效贴合,而且满足抛光轮接触压力方向与柔性机构收缩方向基本一致的要求。抛光轨迹规划采用等参数线法,抛光行距根据抛光带宽确定。最后进行抛光实验,结果为精抛后粗糙度达到0.25~0.39μm,抛光前后叶型轮廓度变化0.007mm,抛光去除量在0.010~0.016mm之间,满足图纸要求。通过实验表明,五轴联动数控砂带抛光叶片型面可行,采用本文所述技术能够满足叶片型面抛光要求。     

空间机械臂建模方法与控制策略研究

针对刚柔耦合空间机械臂动力学建模中对柔性体采用的传统描述方法（有限元法、模态综合法以及集中参数法等）并不足以精确描述柔性大变形的问题,采用绝对节点坐标法描述柔性体,采用自然坐标法描述刚性体,建立了末端带集中质量的双连杆柔性机械臂的动力学模型并且研究了机械臂的空间定位问题。结合广义α法以及工程上常用的Scaling技术,开发了计算程序,实现了动力学方程的高效精确数值求解。针对机械臂的空间定位以及柔性变形问题,提出了一种运动规划方案,采用PD控制策略,实现了机械臂的运动跟踪控制;仿真结果表明：提出的运动规划方案能有效地减弱机械臂的柔性变形。     

Nonlinear attitude tracking control for spacecraft formation with multiple delays

This paper addresses the attitude tracking control for spacecraft formation with delay free and communication delays. With help of the idea of sliding control, an adaptive attitude synchronization control architecture is established. Furthermore, by introducing a nonsmooth feedback function, a new class of nonlinear controllers for the attitude tracking of spacecraft is developed. Both parameter uncertainties and unknown external disturbances are dealt with via the kind of controllers. Finally, some simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed results.     

Deployment dynamic analysis of deployable antennas considering thermal effect

Dynamic analysis of flexible multibody systems is complex. Several successful methods have been demonstrated. However, few works discussed the dynamic performance of the flexible multibody under different temperatures. This paper uses the absolute nodal coordinate formulation to analyze the flexible body dynamics of deployment structures under different temperatures to simulate space environments. The dynamic equations of finite element in temperature field are developed. Then a computer-aided simulation of flexible multibody systems in temperature field is implemented. A general four-bar mechanism under different temperatures as a simulation example is demonstrated, and the deployment characteristics of a special four-bar mechanism as a basic module of the hoop truss deployable antenna is analyzed under different temperatures in order to evaluate the dynamic performance of the deployable antenna in space environments. The simulation results indicate the influence factors of deployment dynamic characteristics include the structural form, material properties, geometric parameters and deployment planning in ambient and thermal/vacuum environments.     

H2O2/HTPB固液火箭发动机燃料配方正交优化设计

采用随机轨道法计算了H₂O₂/HTPB固液火箭发动机的喷管两相流,并采用试验结果验证了数值计算的准确性.研究了不同凝相质量分数和粒子平均直径对喷管性能的影响,结果表明:随着凝相质量分数和粒子平均直径的增加,喷管效率逐渐降低.对固体燃料中的Al,Mg,AP和B等组分的质量分数进行了正交试验设计,研究分析了不同燃料组分对喷管两相流和发动机性能的影响,并对固体燃料配方进行了正交优化设计.结果表明:凝相组分质量分数随Al,Mg的质量分数增大而增加,AP和B的质量分数对凝相质量分数影响较小;添加Al,Mg,AP和B等物质对发动机的最佳理论比冲影响不大,但可以有效提高最佳理论密度比冲;添加Al和Mg等金属颗粒会增加喷管损失,降低实际比冲和实际密度比冲,添加AP和B对比冲效率影响不大.      

On the stability of flexible aircraft

The problem of aircraft stability has been a subject of concern since the beginnings of flight. Traditionally, aircraft stability has been treated within the confines of two separate disciplines, namely, flight dynamics and aeroelasticity. Based on some recent developments in the dynamics and control of flexible aircraft, this investigation uses the system concept to provide a broader approach to aircraft stability in an attempt to bridge the gap between stability as understood in flight dynamics and stability as envisioned in aeroelasticity. To this end, stability is studied in the following four cases: 1) dynamics of whole flexible aircraft using the unified formulation, 2) flight dynamics of quasi-rigid aircraft (aircraft treated as rigid), 3) aeroelasticity of flexible components, such as cantilever wing, cantilever horizontal stabilizer, etc., and 4) aeroelasticity of restrained flexible aircraft (aircraft fixed to a point, hence, having no rigid body degrees of freedom). The paper also presents a method to address the stability of flexible aircraft when the compressibility correction factor is known only at some discrete Mach numbers.     

A unified formulation of optimal guidance-to-collision law for accelerating and decelerating targets

This paper provides a unified formulation of optimal guidance-to-collision law for a target with an arbitrary acceleration or deceleration. The collision course for general target acceleration or deceleration is first determined from the engagement geometry in conjunction with the nonlinear engagement kinematics in the proposed approach. The heading error defined in the collision course is then adopted as a variable to be nullified for accomplishing the intercept condition.The proposed guidance ...     

具有高精度的永磁容错电机非线性电感分析及其解析式求取

 以六相十极永磁容错电机（FTPMM）为例,通过对电机中磁力线分布的分析,得出FTPMM绕组自感的各个主要组成部分,即激磁感、谐波漏感、槽口漏感和槽内漏感,并分析出FTPMM的大电感是通过增加槽口漏感和谐波漏感来实现的。为提高电机优化设计的正确性,提出了新的磁路模型,并引入槽口磁压降参数和槽口计算厚度参数,得出了具有高精度的非线性绕组自感及其组成部分的解析式。最后通过有限元法(FEM)及实验验证,该解析式的精度在13%以内,并且电机具有很强的容错能力,对永磁容错电机的优化设计和性能分析有理论指导意义。     

空间站柔性展开机构仿真方法研究

空间站展开机构是典型的大型多柔体系统,其展开收拢过程涉及非线性大变形以及接触碰撞问题。首先采用绝对节点坐标法作为柔性体的建模方法,建立了梁单元的有限元单元格式,然后基于拉格朗日方法和Hertz接触理论建立了考虑接触碰撞问题的柔性多体系统动力学方程,采用向后差分方法数值求解柔性多体系统的微分代数方程,最后以自由梁、简支梁和柔性单摆进行数学仿真验证。结果表明,该方法可用作我国空间站大型柔性太阳电池翼的设计分析参考。