惯性导航系统/双星距离差组合导航算法的可行性研究

研究由相对于双星的距离差量测与惯性测量系统构成实时的适用于跟踪高动态目标的组合导航系统的可行性。阐述系统工作原理 ,建立了相关的数学模型 ,用拉格朗日乘子法求出了解析解 ,用 Matlab软件验证其结果并作了误差分析。结果表明 :相对于双星的测距差对于惯性测量系统沿双星连线轴向的测量误差算法有十分明显的修正效果 ,但对与双星连线轴正交方向的测量误差 ,其修正能力很差。指出距离差量测本质上是与双星连线轴向相关的一维量测。欲构成对惯性测量三维方向均有修正作用的实时组合导航系统 ,应当在系统中另增加独立的量测量。     

GPS接收机天线相位中心变化对基线解的影响

GPS接收机天线相位中心变化与卫星信号的入射方向有关，因此相位中心变化对基线解的影响还与参加解算的卫星个数及卫星的几何分布有关。在考虑卫星几何分布情况下，首先研究了相位中心变化对单个点位坐标的影响，然后推导了相位中心变化引起的基线矢量的偏差计算公式。此计算公式综合考虑了各种引起天线相位中心变化的因素，如天线的类型、天线的安置误差、卫星的几何分布、卫星个数等。最后，给出了具体算例，并给出了减弱这种影响的方法。     

小卫星空间圆形编队飞行队形设计与比例-微分(PD)控制

以两体相对运动动力学为基础 ,对Hill方程表示的相对运动特性进行了分析。同时给出了小卫星空间圆形编队队形设计。并且以此队形为例 ,引入了比例 -微分 (PD)控制策略对小卫星编队飞行的队形控制进行了研究 ,利用最优算法确定了控制器比例微分系数。数字仿真结果表明了该控制策略的有效性     

Orbview系列卫星介绍

文章介绍美国轨道成像公司研制并已经发射的Orbview-1和Orbview-2卫星和将要发射的Orbview-3和Orbview-4卫星的特性参数。     

星载聚束式SAR 精确成像处理

分析了星载聚束式合成孔径雷达(SAR)的信号特性,主要研究了多普勒中心频率、多普勒带宽以及脉冲重复频率(PRF)与斜视角的关系.基于改进的Chirp Scaling算法,处理时采用了子孔径方法.通过子孔径方法,可以有效降低数据率及雷达发射峰值功率,并可解决多普勒中心频率的时变问题.此外,分析了偏航控制对于实现精确成像的必要性,给出偏航控制规律,证明偏航控制可以有效减小距离徙动量,降低成像处理难度.最后,通过计算机仿真,验证了处理方法的有效性.     

Integrated drought monitoring index: A tool to monitor agricultural drought by using time-series datasets of space-based earth observation satellites

In this study, integrated drought monitoring index (IDMI) was proposed as a tool to assess and monitor the spatio-temporal dynamics of agricultural drought during the northeast monsoon season for the period from 2000 to 2016 in Tamil Nadu state, south-eastern part of Indian peninsula. The IDMI is characterized as the principal component of precipitation condition index (PCI), soil moisture condition index (SMCI), temperature condition index (TCI), and vegetation condition index (VCI) derived from time-series satellite observations of climate hazards group infra-red precipitation with stations (CHIRPS), European space agency climate change initiative (ESA-CCI) and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). The study shows that in the year 2016, about 44.4 and 17.8% of Tamil Nadu state was under extreme and severe drought conditions, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the study shows that PCI is the most influential parameter to IDMI, followed by VCI and TCI. The validation of IDMI with 3-month standardized precipitation index (SPI) by using Pearson correlation test shows a strong positive correlation between IDMI and 3-month SPI with correlation coefficient (r) value of 0.73 and 0.77 for the wet (2005) and dry year (2016), respectively. The study clearly demonstrates the potential of IDMI derived from time-series datasets of earth observation satellites as a tool in assessment and monitoring of spatio-temporal dynamics of agricultural drought. The proposed IDMI could be effectively used as a reliable tool to monitor agricultural drought and develop its mitigation strategies to minimise the adverse effects of drought on agriculture, water resources, and livelihoods of the people.     

Energy-optimal reconfiguration of satellite formation flying in the presence of uncertainties

In this study, a two-step control methodology is developed for energy-optimal reconfiguration of satellites in formation in the presence of uncertainties or external disturbances. First, based on a linear deterministic system model, an optimal control law is analytically determined such that a satellite maneuvers from an initial state to a final state relative to another satellite. The structure of this optimal solution is predetermined and simply given by a linear combination of the fundamental matrix solutions associated with the original equations of relative motion. Only the coefficients are to be determined to satisfy given initial and final conditions. In the second step, an uncertain nonlinear formation system is considered and a robust adaptive controller is designed to compensate for the effects of uncertainties or disturbances that the formation system may encounter. Although the control strategy is inspired by sliding mode control, it produces smooth control signals, thereby avoiding chattering. Also, an adaptation law is added such that the uncertainty or disturbance effects are effectively and quickly eliminated without a priori information about them. The combination of these two controllers guarantees that the satellite accurately tracks the optimal path in the unknown environment. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed two-step control methodology, in which a satellite formation is optimally reconfigured under unknown environmental disturbances.     

Investigations of the evolution of optical characteristics and dynamics of proper rotation of uncontrolled geostationary artificial satellites

On the base of the photometrical data an analysis of the periods and light curves of the uncontrolled artificial satellites was performed.     

Proposal for a United Nations Basic Space Technology Initiative

The United Nations Programme on Space Applications, implemented by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, promotes the benefits of space-based solutions for sustainable economic and social development. The Programme assists Member States of the United Nations to establish indigenous capacities for the use of space technology and its applications. In the past the Programme has primarily been focusing on the use of space applications and on basic space science activities. However, in recent years there has been a strong interest in a growing number of space-using countries to build space technology capacities, for example, the ability to develop and operate small satellites. In reaction to this development, the United Nations in cooperation with the International Academy of Astronautics has been organizing annual workshops on small satellites in the service of developing countries. Space technology related issues have also been addressed as part of various other activities of the Programme on Space Applications. Building on these experiences, the Office for Outer Space Affairs is now considering the launch of a new initiative, preliminarily titled the United Nations Basic Space Technology Initiative (UNBSTI), to promote basic space technology development. The initiative would be implemented in the framework of the Programme on Space Applications and its aim would be to help building sustainable capacities for basic space technology education and development, thereby advancing the operational use of space technology and its applications.