Shape control of spacecraft formation using a virtual spring-damper mesh

This paper derives a distance-based formation control method to maintain the desired formation shape for spacecraft in a gravitational potential field. The method is an analogy of a vir-tual spring-damper mesh. Spacecraft are connected virtually by spring-damper pairs. Convergence analysis is performed using the energy method. Approximate expressions for the distance errors and control accelerations at steady state are derived by using algebraic graph representations and results of graph rigidity. Analytical results indicate that if the underlying graph of the mesh is rigid, the convergence to a static shape is assured, and higher formation control precision can be achieved by increasing the elastic coefficient without increasing the control accelerations. A numerical exam-ple of spacecraft formation in low Earth orbit confirms the theoretical analysis and shows that the desired formation shape can be well achieved using the presented method, whereas the orientation of the formation can be kept pointing to the center of the Earth by the gravity gradient. The method is decentralized, and uses only relative measurement information. Constructing a distributed virtual structure in space can be the general application area. The proposed method can serve as an active shape control law for the spacecraft formations using propellantless internal forces.     

Coastal salinity measurement using a Doppler Radiometer

Coastal salinity is characterised by large and variable salinity contrasts on relatively small scales. Measurements of salinity at a resolution compatible with these coastal regions on a regular basis would provide a rich source of information that could be used for a number of applications that have a fundamental bearing on the world’s lifestyle. Doppler radiometry offers an approach to capture such measurements, as it reduces the number of required antennas needed to form an image, compared with an Interferometer type instrument.     

Astrometric positioning and orbit determination of geostationary satellites

In the project titled “Astrometric Positioning of Geostationary Satellite” (PASAGE), carried out by the Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada (ROA), optical observation techniques were developed to allow satellites to be located in the geostationary ring with angular accuracies of up to a few tenths of an arcsec. These techniques do not necessarily require the use of large telescopes or especially dark areas, and furthermore, because optical observation is a passive method, they could be directly applicable to the detection and monitoring of passive objects such as space debris in the geostationary ring.     

航空术语的构词分析

以全国科学技术名词审定委员会公布的"航空科学技术名词"为览本,对航空术语的词性和构型进行分析,通过举例作出了某些详述,并推导出对外来术语的吸纳方法和原则。     

相对测量在编队卫星自主定轨中的应用

针对编队卫星自主定轨问题进行了研究,设计了一种完全不依赖于地面站和GPS系统的自主导航方案。利用星间测量信息进行卫星编队相对轨道状态的自主确定;并在利用磁强计进行卫星绝对轨道自主确定的基础上,引入星间测量信息提高绝对定轨精度;设计扩展卡尔曼滤波器进行卫星编队轨道状态估计,数学仿真结果验证了这种导航方案和算法的有效性。     

Deep Impact: A Large-Scale Active Experiment on a Cometary Nucleus

The Deep Impact mission will provide the first data on the interior of a cometary nucleus and a comparison of those data with data on the surface. Two spacecraft, an impactor and a flyby spacecraft, will arrive at comet 9P/Tempel 1 on 4 July 2005 to create and observe the formation and final properties of a large crater that is predicted to be approximately 30-m deep with the dimensions of a football stadium. The flyby and impactor instruments will yield images and near infrared spectra (1–5 μm) of the surface at unprecedented spatial resolutions both before and after the impact of a 350-kg spacecraft at 10.2 km/s. These data will provide unique information on the structure of the nucleus near the surface and its chemical composition. They will also used to interpret the evolutionary effects on remote sensing data and will indicate how those data can be used to better constrain conditions in the early solar system.     

无人机编队飞行控制器设计

主要对两架无人机斜线编队控制进行研究,建立了相应的数学模型,并基于PI控制律分别设计了x,y两个方向的控制器,利用解析和数值计算两种方法解算.仿真结果表明,设计的控制器可以控制僚机跟随长机机动,保持原有的相对位置和姿态.     

机载聚束式合成孔径雷达的成象处理设计

针对机载聚束式合成孔径雷达工作模式可在小目标范围内实现高分辨力成象的特点，提出了一种以解线性调频技术为核心的，适于聚束式ＳＡＲ成象的灵活高效的信号处理方法和流程。     

Design of an end-to-end demonstration mission of a Formation-Flying Synthetic Aperture Radar (FF-SAR) based on microsatellites

The paper focuses on space system design aspects related to an end-to-end demonstration mission, aiming at showing the feasibility of a Formation Flying Synthetic Aperture Radar (FF-SAR) with microsatellite class platforms (~100 kg). Trajectory design approaches that can fulfil payload requirements are addressed to enable selected FF-SAR applications. The exploitation of these applications relies on suitable combinations of FF-SAR techniques like Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) enhancement, High-Resolution Wide Swath (HRWS) SAR imaging, and Coherence Resolution Enhancement (CRE). In this framework, a cluster of 3 micro-satellites, working in X-band, flying in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) close-formation, has been designed as a candidate end-to-end system demonstration mission. One satellite embarks a Transmitting-Receiving (Tx/Rx) radar, i.e. it is a monostatic SAR. The other two satellites are Receiving-only platforms. Critical design aspects related to spacecraft subsystems and formation-flying analysis are addressed to confirm the technical feasibility of the spaceborne distributed system implementing the FF-SAR principle.     

基于路径跟随的改进领航-跟随无人机协同编队方法

针对集群无人机完成高精度协同编队的需要,提出了一种基于路径跟随的改进领航-跟随无人机协同编队方法。首先,在传统A*算法的基础上,引入了障碍威胁系数改进A*算法,为领航无人机规划从起点到目标的全局安全路径;其次,采用Hermite多项式在离散化后对领航无人机的全局安全路径进行参数化表示。当遇到新的障碍信息时,利用改进A*算法重新规划路径;随后,领航无人机将跟随无人机的空间编队信息与编队路径参数信息在集群中完成同步;最后,基于一致性原理设计了编队队形协同控制器,并基于改进人工势场法设计了动态避障控制器。仿真结果表明,与传统的领航-跟随方法相比,该方法可以降低编队误差,提高了复杂曲线路径下无人机的编队精度与稳定性,具有一定的工程应用价值。