近地卫星严格回归轨道保持控制

研究了近地卫星基于严格回归参考轨道的轨道保持控制方法：将卫星编队理论引入单星绝对轨道保持控制,提出了"虚拟卫星编队"的概念,分析了卫星轨道相对于参考空间轨迹在轨道摄动情况下的偏离状态及变化趋势,然后根据卫星编队相对运动学,推导出了偏离状态与虚拟卫星编队构形参数之间的对应关系,并设计了以轨道参数超调、偏置及阈值触发为特征的管道保持控制策略。数值仿真结果表明,使用该控制策略能够将卫星轨道保持在以空间参考轨迹为中心的轨道管道内,并且有效减少了因周期性轨道摄动波动造成的管道保持控制量和控制频次。研究成果对于有空间轨迹回归要求的卫星轨道保持控制具有指导意义。     

Optimization of geosynchronous satellite constellation for independent regional navigation and positioning in Middle East region

Regional Navigation and positioning systems using geosynchronous satellites are emerging for different parts of the world. Optimal constellation geometry achievement for a set of geosynchronous satellites is a key sector in designing of such systems. Genetic algorithm is applied for optimization of constellations with 6 and 7 satellites which is to be used in Middle East region where these systems have been deprived of. Based on the fact that the coverage criterion is not sufficient enough to guarantee a good navigation service, positioning process by the satellite systems is discussed and the performance of the system on the basis of position dilution of precision is collected as the fitness criterion. Placing the satellites in groups to pass over the same ground track is applied as a constraint to the genetic algorithm. By simulation, performance of the best obtained results and GPS are compared in terms of position dilution of precision, visibility and the required epochs (time span) to resolve the ambiguities with a 99% success rate, in this region. Also, capability of the GA for such problems is demonstrated.     

Applications of tuned mass dampers to improve performance of large space mirrors

In order for future imaging spacecraft to meet higher resolution imaging capability, it will be necessary to build large space telescopes with primary mirror diameters that range from 10 m to 20 m and do so with nanometer surface accuracy. Due to launch vehicle mass and volume constraints, these mirrors have to be deployable and lightweight, such as segmented mirrors using active optics to correct mirror surfaces with closed loop control. As a part of this work, system identification tests revealed that dynamic disturbances inherent in a laboratory environment are significant enough to degrade the optical performance of the telescope. Research was performed at the Naval Postgraduate School to identify the vibration modes most affecting the optical performance and evaluate different techniques to increase damping of those modes. Based on this work, tuned mass dampers (TMDs) were selected because of their simplicity in implementation and effectiveness in targeting specific modes. The selected damping mechanism was an eddy current damper where the damping and frequency of the damper could be easily changed. System identification of segments was performed to derive TMD specifications. Several configurations of the damper were evaluated, including the number and placement of TMDs, damping constant, and targeted structural modes. The final configuration consisted of two dampers located at the edge of each segment and resulted in 80% reduction in vibrations. The WFE for the system without dampers was 1.5 waves, with one TMD the WFE was 0.9 waves, and with two TMDs the WFE was 0.25 waves. This paper provides details of some of the work done in this area and includes theoretical predictions for optimum damping which were experimentally verified on a large aperture segmented system.     

A hybrid attitude controller consisting of electromagnetic torque rods and an active fluid ring

In this paper, a novel hybrid actuation system for satellite attitude stabilization is proposed along with its feasibility analysis. The system considered consists of two magnetic torque rods and one fluid ring to produce the control torque required in the direction in which magnetic torque rods cannot produce torque. A mathematical model of the system dynamics is derived first. Then a controller is developed to stabilize the attitude angles of a satellite equipped with the abovementioned set of actuators. The effect of failure of the fluid ring or a magnetic torque rod is examined as well. It is noted that the case of failure of the magnetic torque rod whose torque is along the pitch axis is the most critical, since the coupling between the roll or yaw motion and the pitch motion is quite weak. The simulation results show that the control system proposed is quite fault tolerant.     

Accelerating NLTE radiative transfer by means of the Forth-and-Back Implicit Lambda Iteration: A two-level atom line formation in 2D Cartesian coordinates

State-of-the-art methods in multidimensional NLTE radiative transfer are based on the use of local approximate lambda operator within either Jacobi or Gauss–Seidel iterative schemes. Here we propose another approach to the solution of 2D NLTE RT problems, Forth-and-Back Implicit Lambda Iteration (FBILI), developed earlier for 1D geometry. In order to present the method and examine its convergence properties we use the well-known instance of the two-level atom line formation with complete frequency redistribution. In the formal solution of the RT equation we employ short characteristics with two-point algorithm. Using an implicit representation of the source function in the computation of the specific intensities, we compute and store the coefficients of the linear relations J=a+bS$J=a+\mathit{bS}$ between the mean intensity J and the corresponding source function S. The use of iteration factors in the ‘local’ coefficients of these implicit relations in two ‘inward’ sweeps of 2D grid, along with the update of the source function in other two ‘outward’ sweeps leads to four times faster solution than the Jacobi’s one. Moreover, the update made in all four consecutive sweeps of the grid leads to an acceleration by a factor of 6–7 compared to the Jacobi iterative scheme.     

一种绕飞编队卫星星间链路系统的总体设计方法

为了建立高精度相对定位编队卫星的星间链路,提出了一种基于GPS的绕飞编队卫星星间链路系统设计方法。针对我国首次以InSAR为背景的任务,以某绕飞编队星座星间链路系统总体方案为例,利用STK/MATLAB分析软件,对天线覆盖区与组阵进行了仿真分析,并根据分析结果做了系统优化,包括星间轨道构型、天线设计组阵图、天线安装位置、链路预算、星间通信措施设计分析以及电磁兼容性分析等。结果表明:基于GPS的编队卫星能够从系统角度优化设计建立星间链路,从而完成编队跟飞、绕飞期间的星间通信与测量任务,为卫星建立星座构型、相对定位测量提供了可靠、稳定的传输通道。该设计方法可为同类卫星或其他类型卫星星间链路系统设计提供参考。     

基于Tersoff-Brenner势的航天器群图形编队研究

从分子动力学模拟角度提出了一种分布式航天器群导航控制方法,可使行星中心开普勒轨道上的航天器群在有限的感知信息条件下自发实现图形编队.该法基于人工势场技术,主要分为两个部分：改造自C-W方程的外围全局汇聚势场和基于Tersoff-Brenner势的局部塑形势场.前者将各航天器导引至预设汇聚点附近,后者进一步使各航天器自我调整彼此相对位置,最终编成期望构型.此外,引入一速度依赖型耗散项以确保任意初始分布条件下图形编队均收敛.通过地球同步轨道上航天器群正四面体构型（含中心,即金刚石结构单元）编队仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性.将编队脚本简单修改,该法还可方便用于其它类碳元素同素异形体构型的塑造,如石墨晶体结构单元正六边形等.     

应用双向时间传递的重力卫星时标误差自主测量

星间时标误差的自主测量对于中国自主研发地球重力卫星具有重要意义. 提出利用双向时间传递法实现重力卫星时标误差的自主测量, 设计了测量方案, 建立了包含卫星运动导致的链路非对称、电离层效应、设备零值以及随机测时误差在内的测量模型. 结合地球重力卫星相关特性, 分析了时标误差测量中各误差源的影响及相应的误差校正方法. 以GRACE重力卫星为例, 利用提出的方法和校正措施, 星间时标误差自主测量精度可以达到0.62ns, 其中误差主要来自系统零值标定误差和随机测时误差.      

分布式InSAR卫星绕飞角设计与控制方法研究

针对分布式卫星绕飞轨道构型设计与控制问题,提出了基于Hill方程的绕飞构型设计算法,给出了绕飞角与升交点赤经偏差和轨道倾角偏差的关系,并分析了绕飞角的稳定性;根据分布式InSAR卫星绕飞构型特点提出了基于开普勒轨道实现特定绕飞角和绕飞半长轴的双层迭代轨道控制算法。仿真结果表明,上述方法设计的绕飞构型稳定,捕获控制策略简单可行、控制精度高,具有一定的工程参考价值。     

GNSS服务空域空间信号可用性比较与分析

通过基本参数对全球卫星导航系统（GPS、GLONASS、Galileo和北斗）空间信号可用性影响实验,得出四系统的A knee 值分别为3800km、1100km、3800km和1000km,对应的平均可见卫星数为25、16、22和14/22（亚太地区、MEO星座/混合星座）。分析了三种典型轨道用户的卫星可见性,北斗和GLONASS对MEO和HEO用户的空间信号可用性能较GPS和Galileo稍差,而在LEO用户的应用中,北斗空间信号可用性能却表现最优,平均可见卫星数约为20颗,可用性时间分布比较均匀。最后对GNSS空间有效持续时间段进行统计,随着用户高度的增加,有效持续时间段数增多、总有效持续时间减少;四系统提供全弧段有效服务空间分别为地面至6100km、1600km、6100km和1700km。