气动热数值模拟中壁面热流后处理方法

针对气动热数值模拟中壁面热流后处理方法进行了系统的数值研究,提出了一种有别于常规微分法和积分法的壁面热流后处理方法.通过3种算例进行了对比分析,结果表明:即使在流场参数相同情况下,采用不同的壁面热流后处理方法计算的热流结果也会有较大差异,且表现出不同的网格依赖性.微分法对网格的依赖性较大,单纯提高差分精度不一定能够减弱网格依赖性和提高计算精度,还与近壁处网格分布密切相关;积分法从能量平衡积分方程出发,极大地减弱了网格依赖性,具有较高的计算精度.所提出方法具有与积分法相当的网格依赖性和计算精度,尤其在驻点区域,其网格依赖性更弱于积分法,且计算简单,提高了计算效率.      

V形兜孔圆柱滚子轴承的高速动态性能

保持架打滑和动态不稳定是航空发动机主轴圆柱滚子轴承面临的难题,为此提出一种V形兜孔圆柱滚子轴承,并对其保持架打滑及稳定性展开研究。运用Hertz接触、弹流和流体润滑及牛顿-欧拉动力学理论,建立径向刚性加载下轴承的动力学模型,在此基础上,利用变步距龙格库塔数值积分法进行动力学数值仿真,探讨了V形兜孔的几何参数对保持架打滑及稳定性的影响,分析了兜孔优化后在不同转速下保持架的打滑特性、稳定性及兜孔/滚子碰撞特性,结果表明,V形兜孔的几何参数对保持架打滑及稳定性的影响显著,在30 000~60 000 r/min的转速范围内,优化轴承保持架的打滑率明显低于普通轴承,涡动半径明显小于普通轴承,滚子对兜孔局部碰撞的力幅值和频率也明显小于普通轴承。     

基于广义Richardson外插方法的阻力预测精度分析

利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法预测阻力是飞行器气动设计中的关键环节。采用广义Richardson外插方法分别对数值方法预测二维简单构型的压差阻力、摩擦阻力和三维复杂构型的总阻力的精度进行了分析。在NACA 0012翼型无黏绕流和平板湍流边界层两个算例中验证了NSAWET程序和广义Richardson外插方法,分别得到数值算法预测压差阻力和摩擦阻力能达到的名义精度。进而模拟三维通用研究模型(CRM)翼身组合体绕流,得到的阻力名义精确值在DPW 5的统计误差带范围之内;综合DPW 5的计算结果来看,不同CFD解算器的结果之间存在一定差别,阻力预测精度总体上不符合二阶。可见,标准Richardson方法采用的二阶精度假设难以普遍适用,有必要采用广义Richardson外插方法得到名义精度。针对不合理的名义精度,采用Roache建议的方法加以限制。广义Richardson外插方法有助于提高误差分析的合理性,可以进一步降低网格对阻力预测的影响。     

固定翼双旋弹动力学分岔特性分析

针对一种滚转稳定的固定翼双旋弹,对其非线性动力学进行了分岔特性分析,并在此基础上研究了各系统参数对其动力学分岔特性的影响。根据固定翼双旋弹非对称的特点,通过数值计算方法研究其飞行过程中平衡点随同向鸭翼安装角的变化规律,通过系统的分岔图得知系统具有三组稳定平衡点,其中只有一组平衡点为理想可行的稳定平衡点,因此需限定同向鸭翼安装角的范围以使固定翼双旋弹保持稳定飞行。在此基础上针对固定翼双旋弹弹道修正组件周期旋转和转角固定两种工作模式,通过各系统参数下的系统分岔图总结了固定翼双旋弹结构及气动力参数对其动力学系统分岔特性的影响。仿真结果表明,固定翼双旋弹的各气动力参数及飞行速度均对系统的分岔特性具有较大影响,应合理选定这些系统参数以使其具有良好的气动特性。     

Medium resolution near-infrared spectra of the host galaxies of nearby quasars

We present medium resolution near-infrared host galaxy spectra of low redshift quasars, PG 0844+349$0844+349$ (z = 0.064), PG 1226+023$1226+023$ (z = 0.158), and PG 1426+015$1426+015$ (z = 0.086). The observations were done by using the Infrared Camera and Spectrograph (IRCS) at the Subaru 8.2 m telescope. The full width at half maximum of the point spread function was about 0.3 arcsec by operations of an adaptive optics system, which can effectively resolve the quasar spectra from the host galaxy spectra. We spent up to several hours per target and developed data reduction methods to reduce the systematic noises of the telluric emissions and absorptions. From the obtained spectra, we identified absorption features of Mg I (1.503 μm), Si I (1.589 μm) and CO (6-3) (1.619 μm), and measured the velocity dispersions of PG 0844+349$0844+349$ to be 132 ± 110 km s⁻¹ and PG 1426+015$1426+015$ to be 264 ± 215 km s⁻¹. By using an _MBH–σ$M_{\text{BH}}''–''\sigma$ relation of elliptical galaxies, we derived the black hole (BH) mass of PG 0844+349$0844+349$, log(_MBH/_M⊙)=7.7±5.5$\log (M_{\text{BH}}/M_{\odot })=7.7\pm 5.5$ and PG 1426+015,log(_MBH/_M⊙)=9.0±7.5$1426+015\text{,}\log (M_{\text{BH}}/M_{\odot })=9.0\pm 7.5$. These values are consistent with the BH mass values from broad emission lines with an assumption of a virial factor of 5.5.     

Optimizing Control for Rotor Vibration with Magnetorheological Fluid Damper

The aim of this work is to analyze and design a control system for vibration reduction in a rotor system using a shear mode magnetorheological fluid （MRF） damper. A dynamic model of the MRF damper-rotor system was built and simulated in Matlab/Simulink to analyze the rotor vibration characteristics and the vibration reduction dfeet of the MRF damper. Based on the numerical simulation analysis, an optimizing control strategy using pat- tern search method was proposed and designed. The control system was constructed on a test rotor bench and ex- periment validations on the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy were conducted. Experimental results show that rotor vibration caused by unbalance can be well controlled whether in resonance region （70~） or in non- resonance region （30 ~）. An irregular vibration amplitude jump can be suppressed with the optimization strategy. Furthermore, it is found that the rapidity of transient response and efficiency of optimizing technique depend on the pattern search step. The presented strategies and control system can be extended to multi-span （more than two or three spans） rotor system. It provides a powerful technical support for the extension and application in target and control for shafting vibration.     

Vehicle State and Parameter Estimation Based on Dual Unscented Particle Filter Algorithm

Acquisition of real-time and accurate vehicle state and parameter information is critical to the research of vehicle dynamic control system. By studying the defects of the former Kalman filter based estimation method, a new estimating method is proposed. First the nonlinear vehicle dynamics system, containing inaccurate model pa rameters and constant noise, is established. Then a dual unscented particle filter （DUPF） algorithm is proposed. In the algorithm two unscented particle filters run in parallel, states estimation and parameters estimation update each other. The results of simulation and vehicle ground testing indicate that the DUPF algorithm has higher state estimation accuracy than unscented Kalman filter （UKF） and dual extended Kalman filter （DEKF）, and it also has good capability to revise model parameters.     

考虑自动驾驶仪动态特性的含攻击角约束的反演递推制导律

针对制导武器需要攻击角度控制的要求及自动驾驶仪动态特性对制导效果的不利影响,提出了考虑自动驾驶仪动态特性补偿、具有末端攻击角约束的反演递推制导律。首先结合反馈线性化技术,利用本文推广的积分反演定理设计了二阶子系统的虚拟控制律;然后进一步应用反演递推方法推导了考虑自动驾驶仪动态特性的含攻击角约束的制导律,并通过李雅普诺夫稳定性理论详细地证明了该制导律对于视线角和视线角速率的指数收敛特性。在实例应用仿真中,给出了该制导律的具体实现方法,比较了该制导律与其他制导律的制导性能,检验了该制导律对不同作战任务的制导效果。仿真结果表明,该制导律具有良好的性能和工程应用推广价值。     

高超声速复杂流动中的限制器效应数值仿真

从理论分析和数值计算两个方面,对计算流体动力学(CFD)计算中常见的几种MUSCL型迎风式限制器耗散特性进行了研究,包括superbee限制器、van Albada限制器和两种minmod限制器。首先从理论上证明minmod限制器可以是耗散性较小的压缩型限制器,前人关于minmod限制器完全是耗散型限制器的认识是不准确的。其次,通过NACA0012翼型绕流计算表明,限制器耗散特性会对数值计算收敛过程产生重要影响,耗散性越小,如superbee限制器,则收敛越困难。第三,通过一个有实验结果的24°压缩拐角高超声速复杂流动数值计算,进一步澄清了前人关于minmod限制器耗散特性的不准确认识,得到了与理论分析相一致的计算结果,即 minmod 限制器可以是耗散性比Albada限制器更小的压缩型限制器。计算结果表明,对于包含强激波的高超声速复杂流动,本文使用的minmod限制器比superbee限制器和van Albada限制器更容易满足稳定性和高精度的计算要求。     

两车道交通流的波动分析

对一个由快慢两条车道组成的交通流系统,将基于速度梯度的动力方程应用到每条车道上,得到一种新的交通流动力学模型,可以用来揭示车流的小扰失稳和走走停停等非平衡特性.研究了该模型的波动特性,包括冲击波、稀疏波和一阶波传播,数值计算结果表明该模型能够较好地处理冲击波和稀疏波现象,也能够正确地再现走走停停的交通现象.此研究有助于进一步理解多车道的驾车行为和多车道交通流的非线性动力学特性,从而可以提高交通管理与控制水平.