流体力学深度学习建模技术研究进展

深度学习技术在图像处理、语言翻译、疾病诊断、游戏竞赛等领域已带来了颠覆性的变化。流体力学问题由于维度高、非线性强、数据量大等特点,恰恰是深度学习擅长并可以带来研究范式创新的重要领域。目前,深度学习技术已在流体力学领域得到了初步应用,其应用潜力逐渐得到证实。以流体力学深度学习技术为背景,结合课题组近期研究结果,探讨了流体力学深度学习建模技术及其最新进展。首先,对深度学习技术所涉及的基本理论做了介绍,阐释流场建模中常用深度学习方法背后的数学原理。其次,分别对流体力学控制方程、流场重构、特征量建模和应用等几个典型的人工智能与流体力学交叉问题应用场景所涉及的深度学习技术研究进展进行了介绍。最后,探讨了流体力学深度学习建模技术所面临的挑战与未来发展趋势。     

共轴对转螺旋桨的非定常气动干扰

为优化共轴对转螺旋桨的气动性能,研究前后桨之间复杂的非定常气动干扰,使用非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （URANS）方程的数值模拟方法,以及滑移网格技术,对6×6构型的共轴对转螺旋桨进行了三维非定常气动干扰计算,获得了共轴对转螺旋桨的气动特性变化规律,并给出了优化气动外形及运行控制的建议。计算结果表明:来流马赫数为0.38的情况下,由于非定常气动干扰导致的整个共轴对转螺旋桨的拉力系数和功率系数的脉动幅值为1.5%左右,推进效率的脉动幅值在0.1%左右。一个旋转周期内,前后桨均出现了12次周期波动,后桨由于能够吸收一部分前桨产生的切向滑流能量,推进效率比前桨更高一些,而且能够提高整个桨的效率。另外通过压力系数以及轴向速度的径向分布情况看,70%左右的桨半径位置上非定常气动干扰强度相对较大。      

基于星间距离测量的高精度自主导航

研究利用地球卫星和月球卫星之间的测距信息进行自主导航的方法.基于三体摄动轨道动力学方程和星间测距信息,可以同时确定参与导航的地球卫星和月球卫星的绝对位置;但是在初始位置误差较大的情况下,导航系统的定位性能会受到影响.为了解决这一问题,提出基于"星间测距+紫外导航敏感器"的组合导航方法.采用该导航方法,能够在初始位置误差和紫外导航敏感器测量误差较大的情况下实现高精度自主导航.基于Cramer-Rao下界(CRLB)分析了组合导航系统的性能,并通过数学仿真验证了该导航方法的有效性.     

Exact analytic solution for the spin-up maneuver of an axially symmetric spacecraft

The problem of spinning-up an axially symmetric spacecraft subjected to an external torque constant in magnitude and parallel to the symmetry axis is considered. The existing exact analytic solution for an axially symmetric body is applied for the first time to this problem. The proposed solution is valid for any initial conditions of attitude and angular velocity and for any length of time and rotation amplitude. Furthermore, the proposed solution can be numerically evaluated up to any desired level of accuracy. Numerical experiments and comparison with an existing approximated solution and with the integration of the equations of motion are reported in the paper. Finally, a new approximated solution obtained from the exact one is introduced in this paper.     

电动力绳系研究进展

介绍了电动力绳系的主要构造及工作原理,回顾了国内外关于电动力绳系的研究历程,并总结了相关在轨试验进展情况。从绳系模型、轨道动力学以及绳系展开动力学与控制等几个方面对电动力绳系进行了分析,最后对电动力绳系技术未来的发展和应用做了展望。     

Impact of the orbital eccentricity on the attitude performance before and after the deorbiting phase for Alsat-1

Due to the presence of periodic forcing terms in the gravity gradient torque, orbit eccentricity may produce large response for the roll, yaw and pitch angles. This paper investigates the influence of the orbit eccentricity on the performance of the attitude determination and control subsystem (ADCS) pointing of passive Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites stabilized by a gravity gradient boom or having long appendages before and after the deorbiting operation. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, the satellite attitude dynamics and kinematics are modeled by introducing the orbit eccentricity in the equations of motion of a LEO satellite in order to provide the best scenario in which satellite operators can keep the nominal functionality of LEO satellites with a gravity gradient boom after the deorbiting operation. Second, a Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is analyzed when the orbit eccentricity is considered in order to determine the influence of this disturbance on the convergence and stability of the filter. The simulations in this work are based on the true parameters of Alsat-1 which is a typical LEO satellite stabilized by a gravity gradient boom. The results show that the orbit eccentricity has a big influence on the pointing system accuracy causing micro-vibrations that affect the geocentric pointing particularly after the deorbiting phase. In this case, satellites have no orbital correction option. The Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter analyzed in this paper, achieved satisfactory results for eccentricity values less than 0.4 with respect to pointing system accuracy. However, singularities were observed for eccentricity values greater than 0.4.     

A simplified approach to uncertainty quantification for orbits in impulsive deflection scenarios

For the majority of near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) impact scenarios, optimal deflection strategies use a massive impactor or a nuclear explosive, either of which produce an impulsive change to the orbit of the object. However, uncertainties regarding the object composition and the efficiency of the deflection event lead to a non-negligible uncertainty in the deflection delta-velocity. Propagating this uncertainty through the resulting orbit will create a positional uncertainty envelope at the original impact epoch. We calculate a simplified analytic evolution for impulsively deflected NEAs and perform a full propagation of uncertainties that is nonlinear in the deflection delta-velocity vector. This provides an understanding of both the optimal deflection velocities needed for a given scenario, as well as the resulting positional uncertainty and corresponding residual impact probability. Confidence of a successful deflection attempt as a function of launch opportunities is also discussed for a specific case.     

一种正负刚度并联低频隔振器的刚度和动力学特性分析

随着航空航天领域机械结构的大型化、柔性化发展,减振隔振愈发重要。设计了一种具有非线性刚度和非线性阻尼的正负刚度并联的低频隔振器,其负刚度特性和正刚度特性分别由两组倾斜弹簧和一根竖直弹簧实现;研究了隔振器的高静刚度低动刚度特性和阻尼特性,并对其隔振带宽进行分析,比较了分别由两组斜弹簧和一组斜弹簧实现负刚度的两种隔振器的刚度特性;利用谐波平衡法求解隔振器动力学响应,推导了隔振器振幅放大系数和振动传递率的表达式;通过数值仿真对比验证了谐波平衡法求解的系统响应的正确性,详细研究了所设计的正负刚度并联隔振器的刚度,阻尼及激励幅值等因素对振幅放大系数和振动传递率的影响     

弹体旋转对超音速射流元件的影响研究

研究了弹体旋转对超音速射流元件（SFE）的内部流场结构及输出推力特性的影响,并采用二维N—S方程以及RNG k-ε湍流模型,用计算流体力学（CFD）数值模拟方法和滑移网格技术进行了数值模拟。结果表明,弹体旋转对超音速射流元件内部流场结构几乎没有影响,而对姿态控制发动机的控制推力大小和方向的影响不容忽视。所得结论可为旋转弹姿态控制系统的总体设计以及超音速射流元件的结构及气动参数选择提供依据。     

推力协同的大柔性飞行器纵向姿态控制

为了研究大柔性飞行器飞行/结构耦合动力学特性,提出了改进的面向控制的大柔性飞行器多体模型,开展了大柔性飞行器纵向动力学耦合特性分析与推力协同下纵向姿态控制律设计。采用二面角动态近似描述大柔性飞行器结构动力学特征,并推导了纵向耦合动力学模型。根据改进模型在配平点处的线性化模型,分析了飞行/结构耦合系统的纵向稳定性与结构变形量之间的关系。针对大柔性飞行器姿态稳定与跟踪,设计了纵向姿态控制器。与常规飞行器相比,大柔性飞行器飞行过程中会发生大变形,当载荷较大时,配平构型近似“U”形,此时纵向动力学具有长周期不稳定的特征。分析结果表明:大柔性飞行器各模态之间的耦合程度随着变形的增大而增大。此外,纵向姿态控制需要升降舵与推力协同控制速度和俯仰角并且考虑结构动力学的影响,否则飞行/结构的耦合作用会导致姿态跟踪误差衰减缓慢甚至发散。