漂浮弹性空间机械臂动力学及振动抑制

本文讨论自由漂浮弹性空间机械臂系统动力学，建立系统非完整约束方程及动力学控制方程。运用Ｐｏｎｔｒｙａｇｉｎ 极值原理寻求最小控制力矩及抑制弹性振动的控制规律。数值模拟结果表明本文提出方法的有效性。     

Manifold dynamics in the Earth–Moon system via isomorphic mapping with application to spacecraft end-of-life strategies

Recently, manifold dynamics has assumed an increasing relevance for analysis and design of low-energy missions, both in the Earth–Moon system and in alternative multibody environments. With regard to lunar missions, exterior and interior transfers, based on the transit through the regions where the collinear libration points L₁ and L₂ are located, have been studied for a long time and some space missions have already taken advantage of the results of these studies. This paper is focused on the definition and use of a special isomorphic mapping for low-energy mission analysis. A convenient set of cylindrical coordinates is employed to describe the spacecraft dynamics (i.e. position and velocity), in the context of the circular restricted three-body problem, used to model the spacecraft motion in the Earth–Moon system. This isomorphic mapping of trajectories allows the identification and intuitive representation of periodic orbits and of the related invariant manifolds, which correspond to tubes that emanate from the curve associated with the periodic orbit. Heteroclinic connections, i.e. the trajectories that belong to both the stable and the unstable manifolds of two distinct periodic orbits, can be easily detected by means of this representation. This paper illustrates the use of isomorphic mapping for finding (a) periodic orbits, (b) heteroclinic connections between trajectories emanating from two Lyapunov orbits, the first at L₁, and the second at L₂, and (c) heteroclinic connections between trajectories emanating from the Lyapunov orbit at L₁ and from a particular unstable lunar orbit. Heteroclinic trajectories are asymptotic trajectories that travels at zero-propellant cost. In practical situations, a modest delta-v budget is required to perform transfers along the manifolds. This circumstance implies the possibility of performing complex missions, by combining different types of trajectory arcs belonging to the manifolds. This work studies also the possible application of manifold dynamics to defining suitable, convenient end-of-life strategies for spacecraft orbiting the Earth. Seven distinct options are identified, and lead to placing the spacecraft into the final disposal orbit, which is either (a) a lunar capture orbit, (b) a lunar impact trajectory, (c) a stable lunar periodic orbit, or (d) an outer orbit, never approaching the Earth or the Moon. Two remarkable properties that relate the velocity variations with the spacecraft energy are employed for the purpose of identifying the optimal locations, magnitudes, and directions of the velocity impulses needed to perform the seven transfer trajectories. The overall performance of each end-of-life strategy is evaluated in terms of time of flight and propellant budget.     

激波引燃冲压发动机一体化流场数值模拟

激波引燃冲压发动机是一种采用爆轰形式组织燃烧的吸气式高超声速飞行器动力系统。采用AUSMPW+迎风格式、氢氧7组分8步基于反应模型,在非结构网格离散域上求解二维多组分化学非平衡流Euler方程。采用发展的数值方法求解了激波引燃冲压发动机内外一体化流场,研究了台阶长度、斜劈尖角度对发动机流场结构和发动机性能参数的影响规律。计算结果表明,所发展的数值方法能用于激波引燃冲压发动机的一体化流场和性能预示计算;台阶长度和斜劈尖角度影响发动机流场结构和预混气体能量释放程度。推力和燃料比冲均随台阶长度的增大而增大,随斜劈尖角度的增大而减少。     

NEPE推进剂/衬层结构-性能MD模拟（Ⅱ）--复杂体系组分分子迁移和配方设计示例

用分子动力学( MD)方法,对( PEG/NG/BTTN)/NPBA/HMX/AP/PEG/N-100//HTPB/TDI复杂的推进剂/衬层模型体系进行295 K-NVT模拟研究,展示了组分分子的浓度分布和迁移状况,发现HMX和NPBA分子有向界面层迁移趋势,而AP则呈平均分布态势。以RDX等量取代HMX后所得新配方的MD模拟研究表明,前者拉伸模量( E)、体模量( K)和剪切模量( G)、柯西压( C12-C44)和K/G值均有明显下降,表明新配方的刚性、强度和延展性均有下降;新配方中引发键(N—NO2)最大键长(1.528?)明显大于原配方中相应值(1.503?),预示新配方感度增大、安全性将下降;比较RDX、HMX与其他组分之间的结合能,前者小于后者,预示新配方的相容性较差。     

Investigation on the MLT tidal variability during September 2019 minor sudden stratospheric warming

Tidal variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) during September 2019 Southern hemisphere minor sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is investigated utilizing ground-based meteor radar wind observations from the equatorial, extratropical, middle, and high latitude stations and global reanalysis dataset. The polar warming is found to move from the mesosphere to the stratosphere until the peak warming day (PWD) of the SSW. The diurnal and semidiurnal tides at individual observational sites do not exhibit any consistent response during the observational interval, but a notable and consistent variability in some specific zonal wavenumber components, i. e., DW1 (migrating diurnal tide), DE3 (nonmigrating eastward wavenumber 3 diurnal tide), and SW2 (migrating semidiurnal tide) is found in the global reanalysis dataset. Incidentally, the warming event occurs during Spring equinox when a dominant seasonal change in the tidal activities generally takes place and hence seasonal variability is also looked into while identifying the SSW impact during the observational interval. It is found that the seasonal broad changes in the DW1, DE3, and SW2 amplitudes can be explained by the variability in the tidal sources, i.e., water vapor, convective activity, ozone, etc during the observational period. However, the extracted short-term variability in the global tidal modes on removing seasonal trend reveals noticeable response in connection with the warming event. The deseasoned amplitude of the DW1 significantly enhances around the PWD at most of the present latitudes. The deseasoned DE3 amplitude responds significantly in the middle atmosphere at low latitudes during the warming phase. The deseasoned SW2 exhibit clear enhancement around the PWD at all the latitudes. However, the deseasoned tidal features do not seem to correlate well with that of the source species unlike the seasonal ones that imply involvement of complex processes during the warming event, seeking further future investigations in this regard.     

Landing of the asteroid probe with three-legged cushioning: Planar asymmetric dynamics and safety margin

The probes landing on the surfaces of the asteroids can increase the scientific return of the exploration missions and also promote the development of deep space resources. Because of its excellent applicability to the uneven terrain and a lighter configuration than the four-legged mechanisms, the three-legged cushioning mechanisms are suitable for dissipating the impact energy and then quickly stabilizing the probe attitude when the probe lands on the micro-gravitational surfaces of the asteroids. Research on the landing dynamics of the probe facilitates to the design of the landing-cushioning mechanism and the optimization of its configuration, as well as the assessment of the landing safety. Comparing with the previous extensive related literature focusing on landing dynamics of the probes assisted by the four-legged cushioning mechanisms, this paper studies creatively the planar dynamics considering the asymmetric characteristic and the leg-leg coupling to understand the landing process of the asteroid probe with the three-legged cushioning mechanism and thereby to optimize the configuration of cushioning mechanism and assess safety margin of the landing. According to the touchdown status, the asymmetric landing modes are classified and the coupling issue in the construction of the landing models is explained. Consequently, two types of dynamics models describing the two-stages touchdown cushioning process of the probe are established. Then, five significant configuration factors of the cushioning mechanism are extracted, and their values combinations are designed according to the Taguchi orthogonal method. On this basis, the maximum safe landing attitude angles of the probe are solved by using these values combinations as the input conditions under the dangerous situations in different landing modes. The range analysis and nonlinear fitting methods are employed to discuss the influence of the configuration factors on the landing safety margin, and the favorable parameter values of the configuration factors are determined. Next, the influence of the ground obstacle on the landing safety margin and several methods to improve the margin are researched. Finally, the complete attitude changes of the probe in two representative landing cases are analyzed. The results studied in this paper can contribute to configuration optimization of the three-legged cushioning mechanisms and safety assessment of the legged probes landing on the asteroids, as well as to provide a reference for discussing the leg-leg coupling issue received less attention in landing dynamics of the probes with the four-legged cushioning mechanisms.     

航测法提取动态三维深度信息

目前提取三维信息,重建三维图像的研究很多,本文叙述的是仅用一台摄像机利用航测法来提取动态三维信息的方法。假设物体不动,移动摄像机。在移动摄像机前后,即在摄像机移动的相邻两点,可以得到模型的像片对,通过此像片对来实现同名点交会,求得未知点的三维深度信息。为此,首先要进行绝对定向,计算像片元素和确定各个坐标系。然后实现不依赖像片角定向元素的同名点空间交会;或实现利用对应轴系上的坐标进行空间交会。在此基础上,笔者充分利用先验条件和专家知识来确定飞机模型上的同名点,初步得到了飞机模型的轮廓侧视图。     

航天器子结构模态综合法研究现状及进展

现代航天器结构十分复杂,无论采用计算方法还是试验方法进行分析都是十分艰难的。在这样的研制背景下,子结构模态综合法应运而生。系统地回顾和总结了三大类子结构模态综合法的发展历程和相应的改进,介绍了该方法在航天工程上的应用。采用该方法可极大地提高航天器型号的研制效率。提出了子结构模态综合法面临的问题。     

微重力科学与应用研究（上）

空间微重力环境的独特物理现象对航天器各系统均产生无法回避的影响，在型号研制中正确计入微重力效应是航天事业发展中的一个重要研究领域。在现阶段，航天器发动机再启动相关的微重力研究以及载人航天防火安全相关的微重力研究应当引起人们的高度重视。随航天事业的发展，微重力效应问题日益会严重起来（结构动力学、耦合动力学、多相流温控、低重星球场着陆撞击……），进行深入广泛的微重力效应研究对保证航天器飞行任务完成有着不应忽视的作用