冲击发散冷却流场结构PIV测量

为了研究冲击发散冷却结构的流场特性,设计了一典型冲击发散冷却结构,采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV)对其流场特性进行了研究.研究发现,在冲击板与发散孔板间,气流的流动状态很复杂,在各个方向上均形成大量的涡,且涡的形式和强度均随吹风比的变化而变化.在发散气膜侧,随着吹风比的增大,由发散孔流出的冷却气流会逐渐穿透主流,从而使得冷却气膜层愈来愈不稳定,脱离壁面;而在发散孔出口与主流方向垂直的位置会形成一对旋转方向相反的肾形涡,且涡的位置随吹风比的增大而移向主流区域.      

钎焊式离心轮加工工艺研究

离心轮水力性能的优劣对泵的效率影响最大，离心轮加工质量好坏直接影响泵的特性。针对钎焊式离心轮加工的技术要求与技术难点进行分析、研究，结合现有数控设备对离心轮的加工工艺进行改进、优化及数控加工转化。     

不同半径圆柱诱导CH4/空气预混燃烧的计算研究

本文研究不同半径圆柱诱导CH4/空气预混燃烧流场。采用保自由流5阶WENO格式求解贴体坐标变换后的多组分Euler方程,用基元反应模型描述CH4/空气燃烧。不同于标准WENO格式通量构造方法,该WENO格式数值通量由方程的解进行WENO插值得到,在曲线坐标系下具有保自由流性质。首先给出了保自由流WENO格式精度和保自由流的数值验证,然后计算圆柱诱导CH4/空气预混气燃烧流场,并考察不同半径圆柱的影响,给出燃烧流场压力与温度等值线和云图、压力和温度沿过驻点线分布。结果表明:在考核计算结果网格无关性基础上,该WENO格式可准确地捕捉激波和火焰阵面形状、激波和火焰面驻点距离,得到的计算结果和文献结果相符。增大圆柱半径,激波和火焰面被推向来流方向,激波和火焰面之间距离也减小。和TVD格式相比,5阶WENO格式采用四分之一的网格数可得到近似相同的计算结果。     

基于红外视频的火灾探测算法

视频火灾探测技术成为火灾探测的主要研究方向之一,该技术的难点是保证对火灾准确快速地探测。针对目前视频火灾探测识别率较低、报警时间较长的问题,为了提高火灾识别率,增强算法实时性,本文提出一种红外视频的火灾火焰探测方法,采用带有截止可见光透红外滤波片的摄像头采集现场红外影像,结合火焰的静态和动态特征,对火灾进行准确快速探测,同时,综合运用火焰圆形度和尖角个数变化判据对稳定火焰和非稳定火焰进行区别,实现对火灾的分级报警。实验结果表明,改进算法对火焰识别的准确性高,抗干扰能力较强,并且具有显著的快速性,其处理速度达到20ms/帧,并且系统平均报警时间小于200ms。     

航天器异种金属钎焊接头静态裂纹行为分析

采用高频感应钎焊方法连接了航天推进系统的异种金属(钛合金与不锈钢)薄壁小直径导管结构,结构的质量和性能远远优于螺栓连接的导管结构.钎焊接头静态拉伸试验发现,银基钎料钎焊的接头承载能力要优于铜基钎料.对静态拉伸断裂接头的微观组织进行了分析,结果发现,银基钎料钎焊的接头区域出现的裂纹仅在钎缝区域萌生和扩展,当裂纹扩展到钎缝与母材的界面位置时停止扩展.铜基钎料钎焊的接头区域的裂纹从3个位置萌生:钎缝2种组织的交界处,钎缝与钛合金、不锈钢的界面.裂纹驱动力主要是由静态拉伸载荷和异种金属钎焊接头失配行为构成的,而裂纹扩展抗力主要与钎焊接头的微观组织有关.     

Performance comparison of aero-ramp and transverse injector based on gas-pilot flame

A direct performance comparison between the four-hole aero-ramp injector and single transverse injector in a dual-mode scramjet combustor was conducted. The mixing characteristics of two injectors were calculated by solving the three-dimensional (3-D) compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), with the help of the shear-stress-transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The numerical results show that the far field mixing efficiency of the aero-ramp injector is higher than that of the single transverse injector. High enthalpy vitiated air was heated to a total temperature of 1200K by hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the isolator entrance at a Mach number of 2.0. Non-reacting experimental conditions involved sonic injection of nitrogen to safely simulate ethylene injected into the combustor at a jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio of 2.6. Schlieren photographs were obtained to analyze the shock structure around the injectors. Reacting test conditions involved sonic injection of ethylene at the jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.7. High speed camera was used to capture the flame structures in the near-field combustion. The experimental results show that the aero-ramp injector produce sustained combustion over a wider range of fuel-air ratios than the single transverse injector. At the identical jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio, the aero-ramp has a larger isolator margin than the single transverse injector, demonstrating a better ability for avoiding overflows. However, the air specific impulse and total temperature recovery of two injectors, which are calculated by the one-dimensional (1-D) performance analysis code, are almost identical.      

静力试验位移测量异常原因分析及推算方法研究

分析了发动机机架静力试验过程中某重要位移测点出现位移测量异常的原因,提出了几点改进措施,包括打磨接触面、采用粘贴面积较大的测量块等;另外,考虑到此次静力试验其余测点位移正常、试验过程结构和加载稳定,通过结构整体刚度分析,提出一种利用正常测点来推算异常测点位移的方法,采用两次未出现测量异常的抽检静试数据对此推算方法进行验证,分析推算值与测量值之间的误差,结果表明,这种理论推算方法的推算误差小于5％。     

热射流点火对爆震管内火焰加速及爆震波触发影响的数值研究

为研究热射流点火对爆震管内火焰加速及爆震波触发的影响,运用34步26组分丙烷基元反应进行了二维数值模拟,获得了5种不同的热射流发生器几何结构下的爆震管内火焰传播规律及缓燃向爆震转捩(deflagration to detonation transition,DDT)的时间与距离.结果表明:爆震管中湍流在火焰加速阶段起着重要作用,在爆震波触发阶段激波与火焰相互作用占有主导地位.根据DDT过程的定义,得到DDT时间在1.4~2.0ms之间,同时发现热射流发生器长度为150mm,热射流发生器孔径在8mm时DDT时间最短,热射流发生器长度及孔径对DDT距离的影响不大.      

RANS simulations on combustion and emission characteristics of a premixed NH3/H2 swirling flame with reduced chemical kinetic model

Ammonia (NH₃) is considered as a potential alternative carbon free fuel to reduce greenhouse gas emission to meet the increasingly stringent emission requirements. Co-burning NH₃ and H₂ is an effective way to overcome ammonia’s relative low burning velocity. In this work, 3D Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) numerical simulations are conducted on a premixed NH₃/H₂ swirling flame with reduced chemical kinetic mechanism. The effects of (A) overall equivalence ratio Φ and (B) hydrogen blended molar fraction X_H2 on combustion and emission characteristics are examined. The present results show that when 100%NH₃-0%H₂-air are burnt, the NO emission and unburned NH₃ of at the swirling combustor outlet has the opposite varying trends. With the increase of Φ, NO emission is found to be decreased, while the unburnt ammonia emission is increased. NH₂ → HNO, NH → HNO and HNO → NO sub-paths are found to play a critical role in NO formation. Normalized reaction rate of all these three sub-paths is shown to be decreased with increased Φ. Hydrogen addition is shown to significantly increase the laminar burning velocity of the mixed fuel. However, adding H₂ does not affect the critical equivalence ratio corresponding to the maximum burning velocity. The emission trend of NO and unburnt NH₃ with increased Φ is unchanged by blending H₂. NO emission with increased X_H2 is increased slightly less at a larger Φ than that at a smaller Φ. In addition, reaction rates of NH₂ → HNO and HNO → NO sub-paths are decreased with increased X_H2, when Φ is larger. Under all tested cases, blending H₂ with NH₃ reduces the unburned NH₃ emission, especially for rich combustion conditions. In summary, the present work provides research finding on supporting applying ammonia with hydrogen blended in low-emission gas turbine engines.     

羰基镍粉中铜、锰、钴含量的连续测试技术

建立了一种用AIR-C2H2火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测试镉镍电池羰基镍粉中铜、锰、钴含量,介绍了铜、锰、钴最佳测试条件,同时对样品硝化处理条件及在测试样品中的干扰因素进行了综合考虑。该方法具有很好的精密度和准确度,具有操作简便、时间快速、灵敏度高、重现性好、容易掌握等特点。铜、锰、钴含量的相对标准偏差均小于1.0%（n=6）。标准加入回收率均在97.0%-99.0%范围内。适用于镉镍电池羰基镍粉中含有较多共同被测离子铜、锰、钴的生产现场控制分析和样品系统分析。