Thermal-structural analysis of regenerativelycooled thrust chamber wall in reusable LOX/Methane rocket engines

To predict the thermal and structural responses of the thrust chamber wall under cyclic work,a 3-D fluid-structural coupling computational methodology is developed.The thermal and mechanical loads are determined by a validated 3-D finite volume fluid-thermal coupling computational method.With the specified loads,the nonlinear thermal-structural finite element analysis is applied to obtaining the 3-D thermal and structural responses.The Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening model calibrated by experimental data is adopted to predict the cyclic plastic behavior of the inner wall.The methodology is further applied to the thrust chamber of LOX/Methane rocket engines.The results show that both the maximum temperature at hot run phase and the maximum circumferential residual strain of the inner wall appear at the convergent part of the chamber.Struc tural analysis for multiple work cycles reveals that the failure of the inner wall may be controlled by the low-cycle fatigue when the Chaboche model parameter γ3 =0,and the damage caused by the thermal-mechanical ratcheting of the inner wall cannot be ignored when γ3 ＞ 0.The results of sen sitivity analysis indicate that mechanical loads have a strong influence on the strains in the inner wall.     

突片作用下气膜冷却效率的试验研究

为了研究突片对气膜冷却的影响规律, 设计了3种不同堵塞比的等边三角形突片, 并对其对气膜冷却特性的影响规律进行了实验研究.研究结果表明, 与无突片的气膜冷却相比, 突片的存在提高了气膜冷却效果;冷却效率随吹风比的增加而增大, 且沿气流方向冷却效率存在一极大值;当吹风比M<1.5时, 冷却效率随吹风比的增加而增大;当M>1.5时, 冷却效率随吹风比的增加而减小.      

基于伴随非等温射流理论的缝槽气膜冷却模型

在伴随非等温射流基础上发展了一种适用于缝槽气膜冷却绝热温比预估的数学模型.通过合理假设推导出二维壁面射流混合层核心温度分布规律,将其作为气膜绝热壁温,并考虑缝槽几何特征参数和气膜吹风比对冷却效率的影响,得到绝热温比计算公式.用试验数据对该预估模型进行拟合分析,得到了与试验数据拟合精度在±8%以内的半经验预估模型,证明该模型的可行性和应用潜力,并需要更多的试验数据对其进行验证和改进.      

Operating characteristics of a high radius pre-swirl cooling system

An experimental investigation into pre-swirl effectiveness and receiver hole discharge coefficient characteristics for a high radius injection pre-swirl cooling systems was carried out on a physically representative experimental rig with a 450 mm diameter rotor.The receiver holes and pre-swirl nozzle were located at a radius of 181 mm and 180 mm respectively.The experimental work was mainly conducted at 5 000～12 000 r/min,4 bar absolute pressure and 1.132 kg/s air supply.The maximum air supply temperature was 190 ℃.Pressure and temperature distributions in the pre-swirl system were examined with an emphasis on the velocity effectiveness of the pre-swirl system as a whole and on the discharge coefficients of the rotating 'receiver holes' in the rotor.The results showed that the velocity effectiveness increased with increasing swirl ratio resulting in reduced blade cooling flow temperature.Different seal flow configurations caused very different effectiveness at different speeds,but outflow through the inner and outer seals always gave the highest effectiveness compared other configurations.Increasing the seal flow rate reduced the effectiveness.For the coefficient of discharge,except for the low speed range,it increased with increase in swirl ratio for most speeds.      

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

地球同步轨道薄膜太阳帆的姿态轨道控制方法

薄膜太阳帆（FSS）是集推进、发电和姿轨控功能于一体化的超大型挠性太阳帆式航天器,通过调整薄膜反射率产生可变推力和力矩,实现其姿态和轨道运动控制。结合薄膜太阳帆在地球同步轨道运行时的受力特性进行了轨道漂移分析。通过建立薄膜太阳帆动力学模型及受力模型,提出了调整帆面角度轨道修正方法以及基于薄膜光压力矩角动量卸载的长期在轨对日定向面内双轴动量轮稳定控制方法。通过系统仿真验证表明所提的轨道修正和对日定向控制方法是合理有效的,可使薄膜太阳帆长期在定点位置维持对日定向。     

ZL104局部阳极氧化工艺研究

研究了铝合金材料阳极氧化理论以及ZL104铝合金材料局部硫酸阳极氧化处理后膜层粘脱现象产生的原因与机理,指出了该现象产生的原因是氧化膜在贮存、水试等环节受到污染而使氧化膜的封孔结构被破坏.根据理论分析和模拟试验结果,提出了局部阳极氧化前增加水封闭处理对氧化膜进行修复的工艺技术.该项技术可有效杜绝氧化膜层粘脱现象.采用该项工艺技术制造的液体火箭发动机已经用于常规运载火箭系统,该运载火箭已经完成飞行任务考核.     

多孔层板换热特性实验研究

本实验选取了一种典型结构的多孔层板作为研究对象 ,进行了换热特性实验研究。研究了改变冷热气流吹风比对该型层板冷却效果的影响。另外 ,对该型多孔层板的冷却效果沿中轴线顺气流方向的变化规律也作了深入的研究。并给出了层板局部 N ux 和冷却效果 E关于局部 Rex 及冷热气流吹风比 M的数学拟合表达式。     

非线性油膜支承裂纹转子振动特性分析

 以具有无限长轴承和无限短轴承支承的横向裂纹转子为研究对象,分析在非线性油膜力与横向裂纹联合作用时,Jeffcott转子的动力特性,并将其与刚性支承情况进行比较。结果表明轴承油膜力的存在对裂纹转子的振动影响较大,一般将降低转子的振动,这样势必增加转子裂纹故障诊断的难度。所以,在进行裂纹转子的故障诊断时,必须考虑到支承条件的影响,建立合理的动力学模型。     

气膜冷却叶片上扩散型冷却孔对紊流流场的影响

带有护散型冷却孔的气膜冷却叶版是新开发的结构，用于具有很市初始温度（1700℃）的氢气燃气轮机，名古屋工业大学流体机械实验室在日本首次对该结构的流场进行了研究。用垂直型和X型的热线测量了流场，获得了主流方向平均速度，紊流强度和雷诺剪应力，在沿下游方向和展向方向的平面里分别整理了实验数据，证实了扩散冷却孔对改善燃气轮机膜冷却紊流流场的效果。