构建多航天器在轨管理支持平台

随着我国航天事业的发展,预计到2010年,在轨卫星的数量将增加到80颗左右,急需建立一套多航天器在轨管理支持系统,以满足在轨管理的需要。文章给出了多航天器在轨管理支持系统平台的系统方案、系统组成及接口关系。     

组织管理的系统思维

系统是由相互关联的元素组成的整体。系统思维(Systems Thinking)是一种以整体观点观察事物的方式。基于工程原理和法则的定量化模型方法在管理领域的应用,因为人的动机和行为的复杂性而受到了限制。综合集成是具有系统思维的管理者对现实问题的不同诠释,是认识和解决管理复杂性问题的有效方法。     

Shock protection of penetrator-based instrumentation via a sublimation approach

It is often necessary for space-borne instrumentation to cope with substantial levels of shock acceleration both in the initial launch phase, as well as during entry, descent and landing in the case of planetary exploration. Current plans for a new generation of penetrator-based space missions will subject the associated on-board instrumentation to far greater levels of shock, and ways must therefore be found to either ruggedize or else protect any sensitive components during the impact phase. In this paper, we present an innovative method of shock protection that is suited for use in a number of planetary environments, based upon the temporary encapsulation of said components within a waxy solid which may then be sublimated to return the instrument back to its normal operation. We have tested this method experimentally using micromachined silicon suspensions under applied shock loads of up to 15,000g, and found that these were able to survive without incurring damage. Furthermore, quality factor measurements undertaken on these suspensions indicate that their mechanical performance remains unaffected by the encapsulation and subsequent sublimation process.     

Earth observation from space – The issue of environmental sustainability

Remote sensing scientists work under assumptions that should not be taken for granted and should, therefore, be challenged. These assumptions include the following:1. Space, especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO), will always be available to governmental and commercial space entities that launch Earth remote sensing missions.2. Space launches are benign with respect to environmental impacts.3. Minimization of Type 1 error, which provides increased confidence in the experimental outcome, is the best way to assess the significance of environmental change.4. Large-area remote sensing investigations, i.e. national, continental, global studies, are best done from space.5. National space missions should trump international, cooperative space missions to ensure national control and distribution of the data products.At best, all of these points are arguable, and in some cases, they're wrong. Development of observational space systems that are compatible with sustainability principles should be a primary concern when Earth remote sensing space systems are envisioned, designed, and launched. The discussion is based on the hypothesis that reducing the environmental impacts of the data acquisition step, which is at the very beginning of the information stream leading to decision and action, will enhance coherence in the information stream and strengthen the capacity of measurement processes to meet their stated functional goal, i.e. sustainable management of Earth resources. We suggest that unconventional points of view should be adopted and when appropriate, remedial measures considered that could help to reduce the environmental footprint of space remote sensing and of Earth observation and monitoring systems in general. This article discusses these five assumptions in the context of sustainable management of Earth's resources. Taking each assumption in turn, we find the following:(1) Space debris may limit access to Low Earth Orbit over the next decades.(2) Relatively speaking, given that they're rare event, space launches may be benign, but study is merited on upper stratospheric and exospheric layers given the chemical activity associated with rocket combustion by-products.(3) Minimization of Type II error should be considered in situations where minimization of Type I error greatly hampers or precludes our ability to correct the environmental condition being studied.(4) In certain situations, airborne collects may be less expensive and more environmentally benign, and comparative studies should be done to determine which path is wisest.(5) International cooperation and data sharing will reduce instrument and launch costs and mission redundancy. Given fiscal concerns of most of the major space agencies – e.g. NASA, ESA, CNES – it seems prudent to combine resources.     

基于LMI的一类非线性离散动态系统的鲁棒故障诊断

 针对一类非线性不确定离散动态系统 ,提出了一种新型鲁棒故障诊断方法。该方法不但能够对被诊断系统进行故障检测 ,而且同时能够实现故障的分离和辨识。它首先通过构造一个辅助系统 ,将故障的辨识问题转化为min max问题 ,并且通过巧妙设计辅助系统的输出增益矩阵 ,使得辅助系统与被诊断系统的状态差值方程和输出差值方程稳定 ,然后将min max问题转化成LMI问题 ,最后通过求解LMI问题来实现故障诊断。分析了故障诊断方法的鲁棒性、灵敏度和故障的辨识误差。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

对军用航空发动机可靠性参数体系选择和指标确定的探讨

在对国外军用航空发动机可靠性参数体系和指标的统计及应用原则进行探讨、分析的基础上，对国内某系列发动机的使用情况和故障进行了统计分折，借鉴国外对军用航空发动机可靠性定量要求的经验，综合国情提出了我国军用航空发动机可靠性参数体系和指标的建议。     

多级飞行控制系统设计

 现代飞行控制系统设计中,如果同时考虑三轴模型,要实现实时最优控制是非常困难的,因为飞机短周期运动三轴模型阶数通常是七、八阶,要实现最优控制,就得实时求解相应维数的Riccati方程,这对于阶数较高的系统是非常困难的,甚至根本无法实现。但是,如果系统维数很低,实时求解相应维数的Riccati方程则可望实现。因此,将原高阶系统分解成若干相互关联的子系统,进行递阶分级控制,这样子系统的维数将大大低于原系统维数,并且各子系统的最优控制计算可分别由各子系统的计算机完成。由此,飞行控制系统的最优设计实现将成为可能。     

98RK电子压力扫描系统在NH-1风洞中的应用

美国PSI公司开发的98RK电子压力扫描系统作为一种高速高精度多用途的自动测量仪器,在风洞试验中具有很高的使用价值。本文介绍了该系统的结构性能和在NH—l风洞中的应用。     

基于知识库的路径规划辅助系统研究

为降低飞机驾驶员在路径规划任务中的工作负荷,提出了基于知识库的路径规划辅助系统结构。采用基于网格的启发式A*搜索技术完成路径规划任务。利用知识库中的规则进行推理,调节启发函数的加权因子,提高求解最优性,并调节规划网格大小,获得最佳求解速度和精度。知识库中的知识规则根据具体条件的累积和计算,在训练及使用中不断得以补充,减少不确定因素对驾驶员的影响。通过系统仿真验证,表明了该方案和算法的有效性。     

微小精密机电系统螺纹连接机构精准装配技术

针对微小精密机电系统中装配连接性能不一致、可靠性差等问题,以某微型挠性摆式加速度计的恒力锁紧机构为例,从装配结构优化、装配工艺精细化设计、装配连接可靠性等3个方面回顾了国内外研究现状,并论述了从这3个方面入手解决恒力锁紧机构载荷精准形成与保持的可行性。结合锁紧机构中被连接组件具有不同材料属性的“三明治”式结构,以及该机构具有多材料、异型异构、跨尺度变形的复杂几何与装配特性,提出了“由内向外”锁紧载荷设计和“由外向内”锁紧载荷保障的解决思路,旨在实现某微型挠性摆式加速度计装配连接性能的高可靠性与高保持性,并以此提升该型加速度计的零偏稳定性。