Establishing space industry in developing countries: Opportunities and difficulties

Although it is generally agreed that the outer space should be used for the benefit of all mankind, only a fraction of the countries have the necessary technological base for accessing space. Space technology, with its implications on science, economy and well-being of citizens, is mostly chosen as one of the priority areas for technological development by developing countries. However, there is already an over-capacity in global space industry and there are doubts on necessity of additional capacity establishment by developing countries. In this study, the importance and benefits of capacity-building in these countries are emphasized and the advantages and disadvantages that developing countries have in the framework of space technology acquisition are briefly presented. The feasibility of certain levels of space technology is discussed and the necessity of combining existing indigenous capabilities with technology obtained from foreign sources in the optimal way is stressed. We have also mentioned various general mechanisms of technology transfer and argued the importance of licensing in catching-up developed countries. After considering the necessary conditions of efficiency of technology, such as establishment of regional centers of space science and technology education by United Nations, joint development of space systems, complete technology transfer packages, cooperative space projects within regional organizations, coordinated constellations and special agreements with large space agencies, which are specific mechanisms already in use, are reviewed. Some typical examples of mechanisms are also given with special emphasize on small satellite technology that makes access to space affordable for many countries. Through sharing and analyzing the experience of developing countries in their odyssey of space capacity-building, the difficulties can be negotiated and the vicious circles can be broken. This study, in our view, is a step to incite a general discussion of obstacles and opportunities for developing countries, that could help them in using their limited resources effectively, hence, enable them to offer better conditions to their citizens and to contribute space science to a larger extend.     

新时效制度处理的2024铝合金塑性性能分析

对由导电率和硬度实验初步确定的２０２４铝合金新时效制度进行了拉伸试验研究，并对拉伸塑性性能试验数据进行了数理统计分析。通过实验研究和分析，证明２０２４铝合金采用新的时效制度，在塑性性能方面满足适航要求。     

L8—6440—500核心喷管焊接装配工艺

介绍了K8飞机L8—6440—500核心喷管装配焊接工艺方法，包括焊接工艺的制定和装配夹具的选择等。     

浅析提高投篮命中率的技术因素

本文分析了影响投篮命中率的各种技术因素,并提出了相应的提高命中率的方法,为篮球教学工作提供有益的参考。     

纳米测量方法及其研究进展综述

综述了纳米测量方法,主要可归纳为光学和非光学两大类测量技术。通过对各种方法的测量原理、测量装置、测量准确度及其亟待解决问题的分析,阐明了纳米测量技术的发展现状、发展趋势,对纳米测量技术的发展具有一定的推动和指导作用。     

某环型航空零件数控加工工艺分析和自动换刀的研究

针对加工环型航空零件时均采用手工换刀加工的问题,论述了用声发射法对刀具磨损进行监测、用静态测量法对刀具轴线的偏转进行测量、粗铣试切毛坯的内轮廓实验,分析出不能实现自动换刀加工的原因.通过对零件的加工工艺进行分析,将能合并的工步源程序串在一起并在实际加工中得到验证从而实现自动换刀加工.串编程序的应用提高了工厂的生产率,降低了生产成本,也为研究加工环型航空零件的自动换刀问题奠定了坚实的基础.     

客户机/服务器模式下开发MIS两个关键技术的实现

本文介绍了在基于客户机/服务器模式下，开发MIS所采用有效而安全访问数据库的技术和方法。首先是数据库安全性。对视图、存储过程，在数据库服务器(SQL Server)设置用户ID和口令；其次是应用程序安全性。所有的应用程序在数据库服务器设置用户组表，表中存储着应用程序为其访问数据库而设置的不同的权限。最后，应用ADO技术中的三个对象：Connection、Command、Recordset，对数据库服务器中的数据实现安全、快速地访问。     

表面组装技术的应用与发展（下）

本文主要对表面组装技术的特点、表面组装工艺和表面组装技术的现状及发展趋势进行了全面的介绍，并分析了贴片机、网板印刷机、回流焊、波峰焊对表面组装工艺的影响。     

温湿度闭环控制实验设备的开发与研制

本文介绍了自己开发的温湿度闭环控制实验设备的性能特点，并给出了组织结构，硬件线设计和程序框图。     

宽带有线接入技术探讨

本文针对基于双绞线的ADSL技术、HFC网的Cable Modem技术、五类线的以太网技术以及光纤接入技术等方面，详细地解析了宽带有线接入网技术。此外，从网络模型的不同层次出发，探讨了宽带有线接入网技术的发展趋势。