月壤剖面冲击贯入式探测方案研究

以月壤剖面的原位探测为目标,提出一种利用土体结构侵彻原理的冲击式贯入器设计方案。重点阐述了冲击式贯入器的工作原理和机构实现方案,并开展多方案设计与分析。研制了原理样机并开展实验验证,证明利用冲击式贯入方法实现月壤剖面自动潜入的可行性,并对我国未来开展月壤剖面原位探测提出了相关建议。     

压缩氮气驱动的高速气炮实验技术

文章介绍压缩氮气驱动的二级气炮、三级气炮的研制背景、设计技术和发射性能特点,分析活塞质量、弹丸质量、驱动气压和泵管初充气压等发射参数对发射弹速和发射效果的影响,分析了制约提高弹速上限的主要因素,还介绍利用上述二级气炮和三级气炮开展的若干实验研究情况,评估压缩氮气驱动多级气炮的开发应用前景。     

多孔C/C材料发汗冷却实验研究

发汗冷却是解决高超声速飞行器关键部位热防护问题的有效方法,文章开展了以未完全致密化C/C材料作为多孔介质、水作为冷却剂的发汗冷却实验研究。设计并制备了发汗冷却平头实验模型,分别在热流密度1.1 MW/m2和1.45 MW/m2的氧-丙烷热结构考核条件下,通过测量模型内外壁温度响应,评估其发汗冷却速率。实验结果表明,冷却剂的引入极大地降低了模型内外壁温度,外壁面冷却速率高达8.8℃/s以上,未出现明显烧蚀现象。内壁面温度均保持在水沸点100℃以下,达到了可重复使用、耐长时加热的热防护要求,进一步表明了发汗冷却的巨大应用潜力。     

Milling surface roughness for 7050 aluminum alloy cavity influenced by nozzle position of nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

In nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) milling of aviation aluminum alloy, it is the bottleneck problem to adjust the position parameters (target distance, incidence angle, and elevation angle) of the nozzle to improve the surface roughness of milling, which has large and uncontrollable errors. In this paper, the influence law of milling cutter speed, helical angle, and cavity shape on the flow field around the milling cutter was studied, and the optimal nozzle profile parameters were obtained. Using 7050 aluminum alloy as the workpiece material, the milling experiment of the NMQL cavity was conducted by utilizing cottonseed oil-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Results show that the high velocity of the surrounding air flow field and the strong gas barrier could be attributed to high rotating velocities of the milling cutter. The incidence angle of the nozzle was consistent with the helical angle of the milling cutter, the target distance was appropriate at 25–30 mm, and the elevation angle was suitable at 60°–65°. The range and variance analyses of the signal-to-noise ratio of milling force and roughness were performed, and the chip morphology was observed and analyzed. The results show that the optimal combination of nozzle position parameters was the target distance of 30 mm, the incidence angle of 35°, and the elevation angle of 60°. Among these parameters, target distance had the largest impact on cutting performance with a contribution rate of more than 55%, followed by incidence angle and elevation contribution rate. Analysis by orthogonal experiment revealed that the nozzle position parameters were appropriate, and R_a (0.087 μm) was reduced by 30.4% from the maximum value (0.125 μm). Moreover, R_sm (0.05 mm) was minimum, which was 36% lower than that of the seventh group (R_sm = 0.078 mm).     

动载对管内汽水两相流流阻、空隙率和传热的影响

利用旋转平台对动载作用下单相水和沸腾两相流流动及传热特性进行了实验研究.通过改变旋转速度、入口温度、液体流量等参数,获得了静止和旋转2种状态下的单相水及沸腾两相流实验数据.对旋转状态下的管内两相流型进行可视化拍摄,得到了动载作用下的两相流型图.结果表明,过载方向与流动方向相反时,过载越大,管内压力和流阻越大,液相流量、空隙率和流体得热量越小.可见,动载阻碍流体向前流动,强化了管外散热,削弱了管内流体的相变换热能力.     

电磁力控制翼型失速的实验研究

将条状电极和磁极交错布置的电磁场激活板置于弱电解质溶液中,在流体边界层上产生具有明显分布特征的电磁力（Lorentz力）,利用电磁力可以改变流体边界层的结构,控制边界层的流动脱落与分离,可以增加翼型升力,减少其阻力,实现对翼型失速的控制。利用电磁力控制流体边界层的方法属流体主动控制方法之一。本文首先基于电磁场和流体的基本方程,对置于弱电解质中的不同极板宽度的电磁激活板周围的电磁场及产生的Lorentz力进行了数值模拟;其次,通过实验来验证此方法的有效性。将包覆有电磁激活板的翼型置于弱电解质溶液中,利用基于TMS320F2812（DSP芯片）组建的翼型失速实验控制系统来灵活改变翼型的迎角和转速,测量升力和阻力的变化;实验结果表明,正向电磁力能够有效地抑制和延缓翼型失速现象的发生。     

污染空气对氢燃料超声速燃烧室性能的影响

采用纯净空气和污染空气来流下对比试验的方法,研究了飞行马赫数4条件下H2O和CO2污染组分对氢燃料超声速燃烧室性能的影响。对比试验中针对纯净空气来流和污染空气来流匹配了来流总温、总压、氧气摩尔分数和当量油气比。完成了0.53和0.42两种当量油气比条件下纯净空气来流和污染空气来流的氢燃料超声速燃烧试验,预定考察的H2O污染组分摩尔浓度分别有7.5%,18%和26%三种,CO2污染组分浓度有3.0%和7.5%两种。研究结果表明,H2O,CO2或H2O+CO2组合污染对燃烧诱导压升产生了明显的非线性抑制影响,直接将污染试验空气来流下的试验结果外推应用到飞行条件,可能导致供油量偏大、甚至进气道不启动;同时也影响了隔离段内燃烧诱导激波链结构,使燃烧工作模态趋向于超燃模态。     

Effects of Boundary Layer Suction on Aerodynamic Performance in a High-load Compressor Cascade

This article is aimed to experimentally validate the beneficial effects of boundary layer suction on improving the aerodynamic performance of a compressor cascade with a large camber angle. The flow field of the cascade is measured and the ink-trace flow visualization is also presented. The experimental results show that the boundary layer suction reduces losses near the area of midspan in the cascade most effectively for all suction cases under test. Losses of the endwall could remarkably decrease only when the suction is at the position where the boundary layer has separated but still not departed far away from the blade surface. It is evidenced that the higher suction flow rate and the suction position closer to the trailing edge result in greater reduction in losses and the maximum reduction in the total pressure loss accounts to 16.5% for all cases. The suction position plays a greater role in affecting the total pressure loss than the suction flow rate does.     

金属粉末燃料冲压发动机初步试验研究

为了检验金属粉末燃料冲压发动机的点火及燃烧特性,对设计的发动机进行了初步的直连式试验研究。初步试验结果表明,目前设计的燃料供应系统能将粉末燃料有效输送到发动机燃烧室;在火炬作用下粉末燃料能实现快速点火启动;火炬工作结束粉末燃料可自身维持燃烧;燃烧室壁面沉积较多,主要分为2层,其中表层为白色MgO,内层为Mg、MgO和Mg3N2的混合物。     

液体火箭发动机实验台液路系统工作过程仿真

从一维可压缩液体的瞬变管流方程出发,采用有限体积法,对液体火箭发动机实验台液路系统工作过程进行了一维数值仿真,并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较与分析。结果表明,该方法较好的描述了发动机实验台液路系统的工作过程,能为实验台系统的设计、故障诊断、优化以及实验发动机的性能分析提供指导。