低温贮箱用复合材料的研究进展

系统地概括了低温贮箱用复合材料的研究背景、进展动态及研究现状,重点介绍了复合材料低温贮箱成型工艺、复合材料与低温推进剂之间的安全性及复合材料自身的低温力学性能.研究表明:自动铺丝成型工艺推动了无内衬的复合材料低温贮箱的发展;在冷热循环作用下界面等薄弱区域萌生大量微裂纹,机械载荷促进下形成低温推进剂泄漏路径;开发满足液氧...     

对称削层复合材料结构的有限元分析

通过对复合材料削层结构的有限元计算分析,得到整个结构特别是过渡段附近的真实应变和应力分布。通过分析发现削层结构的应变和应力分布呈现出不均匀现象,尤其在上下界面附近和覆盖层内,出现应力集中现象,这些危险点的存在,严重影响整个结构的性能。此外,还研究了过渡段长短对结构应力分布的影响。     

低地球轨道空间环境下航天器表面原子氧通量密度和积分通量分布的数值模拟

基于蒙特卡罗方法和区域分解法,建立低地球轨道空间环境航天器表面原子氧通量密度和积分通量的数学模型。模型考虑了航天器表面几何构型、原子氧数密度和分析热运动、地球自转对航天器速度的影响以及轨道运行参数。通量密度分布的求解是通过其微分方程的对于独立变量分子运动速度和与表面速度矢量合成的积分得到,积分通量是通过沿轨道时间积分来实现。与此同时,得到了沿入射攻角变化原子氧分布的最大值和最小值。计算结果表明:通量分布伴随入射攻角增大而急剧下降,在迎风面达到最大值,背风面最小值。入射攻角是影响分布计算结果的重要因素。计算误差与NASA-LDEF飞行试验实验结果吻合较好。     

灭菌模块中流速和银离子浓度分布模拟计算

无菌水是载人航天器生命健康的保障条件.灭菌模块安装在水处理系统末端,向净化水释放规定浓度的银离子,起到杀菌和长期保存作用,使净化水达到饮用水质标准.水流过金属壁面,根据交换流域采用标准k-ε模型标准壁面函数,针对600mL·min^-1流量工况建立流场和银离子浓度场的计算模型.灭菌模块阴阳电极30s交替互换牵引浓度变化.为符合实际工况,建立模型时通过反复迭代的方式进行求解.对流速和银离子产生速率的结果进行分析发现,银离子浓度最高部位均出现在阳极表面附近,阴阳极反复转换可有效降低电极表面附近的银离子浓度.结合理论计算结果可知,灭菌模块工作过程中不会有AgOH沉淀析出,从而确定工艺参数,指导工程设计.根据仿真结果分析给出了灭菌模块优化建议.     

Oxygen concentration variation in ullage influenced by dissolved oxygen evolution

To determine the oxygen concentration variation in ullage that results from dissolved oxygen evolution in an inert aircraft fuel tank, the CFD method with a mass transfer source is applied in the present study. An experimental system is also designed to evaluate the accuracy of the CFD simulations. The dissolved oxygen evolution is simulated under different conditions of fuel load and initial oxygen concentration in ullage of an inert fuel tank with stimulations of heating and pressure decrease....     

Formation flying for magnetic sails around artificial equilibrium points

This paper investigates the problem of magnetic sail-based spacecraft formation control around the artificial equilibrium points (AEPs), which can eliminate the requirement of the propellant. The thrusts are achieved by utilizing the interaction between the solar wind and the artificial magnetosphere generated by superconducting current coil onboard. The circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP) of magnetic sail is discussed including the allowed regions and linear stability of AEPs, the locations of collinear AEPs and the possibility of existence of periodic orbits around the collinear AEPs. Next, the dynamical models of magnetic sail formation around the collinear AEPs are established. A novel fast fixed-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller (FFNTSM) based on fixed-time disturbance observer (FTDO) is developed to account for external disturbances. Several numerical simulations are conducted to substantiate that spacecraft formation can be precisely controlled by the proposed propellantless propulsion method in the presence of external disturbances.     

Boundary of nighttime ozone chemical equilibrium in the mesopause region: Improved criterion of determining the boundary from satellite data

A modified derivation of the criterion of nighttime ozone chemical equilibrium (NOCE) in the mesopause region is presented. According to 3D model calculations, the improved criterion reproduces the lower boundary of the equilibrium much better than its earlier version. Processing of the SABER/TIMED data of 2021 has shown that the modified criterion elevates the NOCE boundary by ～ 0.1–1.7 km, depending on latitude and season. The proposed method of determining the condition of chemical equilibrium can be used to analyse the equilibrium of many trace gases in the stratosphere and troposphere important for different practical applications.     

原子氧对碳纤维增强氰酸酯复合材料的侵蚀及机理研究

针对碳纤维增强氰酸酯复合材料(CFCE)开展原子氧暴露试验及反应产物原位测量的散射试验,并进行暴露前后的质量损失、SEM及XPS试验。结果表明,该材料的受原子氧腐蚀率为(2.20±0.36)×10~(-24)cm~3/atoms。受原子氧腐蚀后,样品表面C元素相对原子浓度增加,O元素基本不变;表面的树脂脱落,碳纤维暴露在原子氧环境中,表面出现蚀坑,且数量及形状逐渐变大,蚀坑相连,最终沿纤维方向形成一条沟壑。高能氧原子与复合材料发生反应,生成产物CO、CO_2、H_2O、OH和CH_3。     

结合卫星遥感的 PM2.5 浓度估算与站点异常分析

针对大气污染难监测、异常数据难分析等问题，充分发挥气象卫星多时相观测优势，以N维代价函数算法为依托进行逐小时气溶胶光学厚度反演。进一步以随机森林回归算法为基础，结合气象参数、地面监测参数等辅助变量进行近地面PM2.5浓度估算，并据此开展时空分布与浓度异常分析。江苏省2021年1–6月PM2.5浓度遥感估算精度验证结果显示，其相关性精度达到94%，偏差为5.59μg/m³，证明以卫星遥感数据为基础进行PM2.5浓度估算具有高可靠性与可行性。通过其建立的全区域、多时相监测体系可有效进行PM2.5浓度的时空分布分析，明晰PM2.5分布状况，助力空气污染治理管控。通过卫星估算结果与地面站点监测结果的对比分析，准确识别大泉街道数据低报事件，验证人为干扰数据采集工作，实现星地数据双向监督。文章研究证明，卫星遥感技术可有效支撑近地面PM2.5浓度估算与数据异常分析，推动新时代生态文明建设。