我国大推力补燃氢氧发动机研究进展

氢氧火箭发动机因具有很高的性能,在国内外运载火箭中得到了广泛应用。为了更好地开展深空探测,必须研制大推力氢氧火箭发动机。本文综合分析了国内外氢氧发动机的发展历史和现状,简要介绍了我国220 t补燃循环氢氧发动机方案和关键技术研制进展,该技术方案先进。通过开展试验件冷态试验和缩尺组件热试验等,研究了核心部组件的关键技术和方案选型。开展全尺寸预燃室热试验等分系统热试验,研究组件级技术,初步突破了部分关键技术。建议加快开展大推力氢氧发动机工程研制,促进我国航天推进技术发展。     

中国机场业集中度实证研究

借助产业集中度理论和计量方法,根据2003—2010年我国主要机场旅客、货邮吞吐量数据,计算出我国机场业集中度指数(CR4,CR8)。对比美国2009—2010年行业集中度指数,得出结论:我国机场业目前集中垄断程度较高,未来机场业内竞争发展还有很大空间。     

李萨如图在磁记忆二维定量检测中的应用

依据磁记忆二维检测原理,将磁信号法向分量存在过零点,切向分量存在最大值联合起来检测,并引入李萨如图分析法,对用法向分量和切向分量合成的类李萨如图以及将法向分量和切向分量微分后合成的李萨如图进行比较分析,得出可以利用微分后合成的李萨如图封闭区域面积的大小来判断应力集中程度及用在不同的应力集中程度下李萨如图面积数量级作为阈值的结论.从而可为利用李萨如图分析法对磁记忆二维检测进行定量分析的进一步研究提供试验分析依据.     

Different mechanisms controlling interannual phytoplankton variation in the South China Sea and the western North Pacific subtropical gyre: A satellite study

A time series of remotely-sensed chlorophyll a (chl a) in 1997–2010 was evaluated to determine mechanisms of phytoplankton variation in recent decade in the South China Sea (SCS) and the western North Pacific subtropical gyre (WNPSG). Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) were used as proxies for vertical nutrient supply and atmospheric aerosol, respectively. Chl a in the WNPSG was not significantly correlated with SST (r = 0.18, p > 0.05), but was with AOT (r = 0.31, p < 0.05), indicating the chl a was influenced by atmospheric deposition. Chl a in the SCS was negatively correlated with SST (r = −0.60, p < 0.05) and was positively with AOT (r = 0.20, p < 0.05). The correlation between AOT and chl a in the SCS does not reflect a major contribution from atmospheric deposition to chl a; instead, the relationship resulted from concurrence of the peaks of AOT and wind speed, which drive water mixing and nutrient supply. Consequently, chl a in the SCS would be regulated primarily by the nutrient supply from deep waters. Because SST was controlled by the ENSO teleconnection in the SCS, the chl a was coupled with ENSO events. The present study demonstrated that interannual phytoplankton variation could be controlled by different factors even in neighboring oligotrophic regions.     

应用粒子激光散射测量混合反应器分散相浓度场分布

研究了圆管反应器中四束侧向对撞射流与轴向流形成的混合流动.应用激光粒子散射成像测量了侧向分散相在混合流中的浓度场分布,得到了不同的浓度分布图形随侧向流与轴向流速比关系,揭示了内在有规律的独特的浓度分布结构.     

提高微细电解加工精度的研究

对影响微细电解加工精度的因素进行了详细的分析,提出了改善加工精度的方法,如以循环进刀代替直接进刀方式、采用脉冲加工电源、改善阴极的结构设计以及采用非线性电解液等。最后,结合实验对这些方法的可行性与有效性进行了验证。     

高频输氧技术中的气体输运机理

本文介绍了高频输氧技术中气体输运机理的实验研究结果。用气管-支气管-肺模型来模拟人体呼吸系统,用热线和激光测速技术测量该模型内的气流。结果表明,整流效应和湍流扩散具有关键作用。     

Operation of a Rotary-valved Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine Utilizing Liquid-kerosene and Oxygen

The pulse detonation rocket engine (PDRE) requires periodic supply of oxidizer, fuel and purge gas. A rotary-valve assembly is fabricated to control the periodic supply in this research. Oxygen and liquid aviation kerosene are used as oxidizer and fuel respectively. An ordinary automobile spark plug, with ignition energy as low as 50 mJ, is used to initiate combustion. Steady operation of the PDRE is achieved with operating frequency ranging from 1 Hz to 10 Hz. Experimentally measured pressure is lower than theoretical value by 13% at 1 Hz and 37% at 10 Hz, and there also exists a velocity deficit at different operating frequencies. Both of these two phenomena are believed mainly due to droplet size which depends on atomization and vaporiza-tion of liquid fuel.     

直射式喷孔后方燃油浓度场计算及其分析

由于直射式喷油孔的结构简单、布置和调整方便,因此已被广泛地应用于冲压发动机的燃烧室中,而且喷孔后方的燃油浓度分布对火焰稳定及燃烧效率有很大影响,由此预知喷孔后方燃油浓度分布对喷孔布置、确定喷孔与稳定器的相对位置是十分重要的。根据试验结果,推导得到了直射式喷孔后方燃油浓度分布的计算公式,编制燃油浓度分布的计算程序,以分析直射式喷油孔后方的燃油浓度场分布。     

高超声速滑翔飞行器摆动式机动突防弹道设计

 为提高大升阻比高超声速滑翔飞行器机动突防能力,提出了一种侧向摆动式机动弹道的设计方法。基于动态逆的思想,建立了侧向摆动式机动弹道的弹道形式和所需倾侧角间的关系模型;在平衡滑翔假设下,将包括动压、过载和热流在内的飞行约束转化为迎角约束,从而确定了迎角-速度飞行走廊;在此基础上,设计了平衡滑翔情况下满足侧向摆动式机动及飞行约束所需的迎角变化规律。根据所设计的迎角和倾侧角,即可实现平衡滑翔情况下预定机动模式的侧向机动。以HTV(Hypersonic Technology Vehicle)为例进行仿真分析,结果表明该方法能够快速设计出预定机动幅度和机动频率的侧向摆动式机动突防弹道。