Identification of key factors affecting the failure of aviation piston engine turbochargers based on an improved correspondence analysis-polar angle-based classification

Turbocharging is an efficient approach for addressing power reduction and oil consumption increase in aviation piston engines during high-altitude flights. However, a turbocharger significantly increases the complexity of a power system, and its considerably complex matching relation with the engine results in a coupling of failure modes. Conventional analytical methods are hard to identify failure-inducing factors. Consequently, safety issues are becoming increasingly prominent. This study focuses on methods for identifying failure-inducing factors. A whole-machine system model is established and validated through experimentation. The response surface method is employed to further abstract the system simulation model to a surrogate model (average error: ~ 3%) in order to reduce the computational cost while ensuring accuracy. On this basis, an improved Correspondence Analysis (CA)-Polar Angle (PA)-based Classification (PAC) is proposed to identify the key factors affecting the failure mode of turbochargers. This identification method is based on the row profile coordinates G varying with the numerical deviations of the key factors, and is capable of effectively identifying the key factors affecting the failure. In a validation example, this method identifies the diameter of the exhaust valve (e₂) as the primary factor affecting the safety margin for each work boundary.     

卫星电源系统短路暂态特性分析及对策

针对卫星电源系统短路故障导致母线电压跌落、业务中断甚至整星失效的问题,分别采用电路模型和数学模型的方法对短路后母线电压的暂态特性进行分析,指出故障持续过程经历母线电容放电、太阳电池阵动作、放电调节器动作、蓄电池经二极管直接供电这4个阶段,分析了各阶段母线电压的暂态响应及转换条件。随后,研究了发生稳态电压跌落的条件及其影响因素。针对航天器通常使用的快速熔断器保护,分析了母线电压跌落受熔断I~2T、短路通路阻抗、蓄电池内阻、蓄电池开路电压的影响程度。依据暂态特性的分析,提出接地优化方法以及蓄电池开路电压、短路通路阻抗和欠压保护点的配合设计方法,使得短路暂态过程母线电压跌落程度满足系统关键单机运行的需求。     

High cycle fatigue failure with radial cracks in gears of aero-engines

The gears in aero-engines perform energy and motion transfer between the High-Pressure Rotor (HPR) and accessories. Firstly, an occurred fault with radial cracks in the driven gear disk was diagnosed as High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) failure through necessary examinations. Analysis of fault tree and test signals indicated that the fracture was relevant to the swing vibration of the driven gear excited by the unbalance excitation on HPR. Secondly, a corresponding mechanism model was established, in which the gear meshing effect was considered, with lateral and swing vibration mode. The Governing Equations (GEs) and the Finite Element Model (FEM) were established and verified. Then, the modal shapes, harmonic response, and transient response were analyzed, indicating that the swing vibration of the driven gear could be significantly excited by the unbalance on HPR, which induced the cracks in the driven gear disk to extend radially. Furthermore, influences of factors on the unbalance response were obtained, in which the unbalance response appeared local minimum points and maximum points. Meanwhile, 1# and 2# bearing stiffness had rather significant influences on the response. Thus it is efficient to modify them to achieve vibration control.     

影响城乡劳动者就业的因素与对策研究——以湖南省为例

当前,在我省城乡劳动者就业问题上,既存在宏观经济、法律政策、竞争意识等一些积极因素,也存在金融危机、政策制度、就业结构等一些消极因素。要促进我省城乡劳动者就业发展,必须从就业规划、就业政策、就业管理服务体系、职业培训、社会保险和创业文化宣传等方面采取措施。     

长波授时附加二次相位因子ASF误差分析

为提高长波授时精度,分析了影响ASF误差的因素。主要针对米林顿法计算ASF中的地图测距误差、大地等效电导率误差和大地等效电导率区域分割误差,设计实验、采集数据、分析实验结果,并提出减小ASF误差的新方案。     

高职毕业生就业环境主要影响因素探析

针对高职专科毕业生就业环境的制约因素,从就业环境共同体的组织结构和运行机制等进行整体性地把握和探索,以此为改善高职专科毕业生的就业环境提供新的思路。     

地月自由返回轨道设计

载人月球探测任务需要着重考虑任务的安全性,能否“自由返回”是很重要的一项指标。在轨道设计上存在两项要求,首先是地月转移,然后是经月球近旁转向并判断能否返回地球,即实现飞越月球以后的无动力返回。文章结合精确的行星历表(DE405),首先比较不同力模型中同一条轨道的返回情况,以确定初始轨道设计过程中需要考虑的摄动力;然后分析了返回时近地距的各种影响因素,包括出发时刻、转移时间、倾角组合等,提出了一种可使返回近地距逐渐向设定的目标值靠拢的单向搜索方法,该方法简单易行,可信度高,能够满足轨道设计时要求的各项约束条件。该工作对中国将要进行的载人月球探测任务中需要用到的自由返回轨道的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

气象因素对飞机进近飞行燃油效率的影响

气象因素对航空飞行意义重大。为了考察航空飞行的燃油效率,基于飞机性能数据库（BADA）模型,考虑气象因素,建立飞机燃油消耗的修正模型。以广州白云国际机场某进港航班为例,开展飞机进近飞行仿真试验,从燃油流量和燃油消耗量2个维度分别讨论气温、气压、风速变化对飞机燃油效率的影响。结果表明:气象因素与飞机燃油效率存在明显的相关性。当飞机飞行高度一定时,气温升高,燃油流量和燃油消耗量增大,燃油效率降低;气压增强,燃油流量无明显变化,燃油消耗量略有降低,燃油效率升高;风速增加,燃油流量和燃油消耗量先减小后增大,燃油效率先升后降,风速为4 m/s时燃油效率最高。当飞机飞行高度下降时,气温和气压升高,风速下降,燃油流量小幅度波动上升,燃油效率降低。最佳气象条件下,一次进近飞行能减少约3%的燃油消耗。研究结果对提高实际飞行的燃油效率有一定的参考意义。      

ICP配准算法的影响因素及评价指标分析

基于3D激光雷达传感器的同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)技术,是机器人自主定位解决方案的核心。三维点云配准环节是3D激光雷达SLAM实现自身定位与地图构建的关键所在。重点围绕ICP算法在三维激光点云配准中的应用开展研究,首先对ICP算法的配准原理及其求解过程进行详细分析,其次介绍了ICP的影响因素并提出了相应的评价指标,最后测试了ICP算法在不同角度和位移下的配准效果并进行了实验分析。     

实施创业教育促进职教发展

创业教育是联合国科教文组织提出的一个全新的教育理念,创业教育现已成为一个世界性的话题.面对日益严峻的就业形势,在我国高等职业学院适时开展创业教育已成为市场经济的需要.通过开展创业教育,缓解高职生毕业后的就业压力,提高学生创业能力和生存能力.