数字景象图的计算机模拟生成

数字景象图在飞行器末制导中起着关键作用。在特殊情形下，有必要用计算机模拟生成数字景象图。本文在分析数字景象图成象机理的基础上给出了一个基于数字高程图模拟生成数字景象图的框架，分别讨论了光照模型，大气模型，误差模型，坐标系和视点变换等关键步骤。文中给出了模拟生成的结果。     

低仰角射线对电离层CT成像的影响分析

电离层层析成像(Computerized Tomography, CT)是一个有限视角问题, 水平射线的缺失造成CT结果垂直分辨率的严重下降. 很多人直观地认为低仰角射线可以弥补水平射线的缺失, 然而本文的理论分析和数值模拟研究结果表明, 低仰角射线对CT结果的影响十分微小, 其无法弥补水平射线缺失所带来的垂直分辨率的下降. 模拟结果显示, 增加低仰角射线前后CT反演结果几乎没有变化; 而去掉680条低仰角射线和高仰角射线后, CT反演结果差别巨大; 去掉680条低仰角射线的CT结果与模型吻合很好; 去掉680条高仰角射线的CT反演结果失真严重, 几乎无法恢复模型的扰动特征.      

关于星载光学遥感相机信噪比指标的讨论

星载光学遥感相机信噪比是仪器的一个非常重要的性能指标,信噪比的大小对测绘高程定位精度有很大影响。文章通过计算机仿真实验定量研究了光学遥感相机信噪比与测绘卫星高程定位精度之间的关系,包括三维地物模型建立与模拟成像、特征点提取与匹配、高程值计算等。实验结果表明在计算机仿真得到的理想图像中,当图像调制传递函数值为0.15时,信噪比应大于35dB才能满足测绘高程定位精度的要求。考虑到遥感相机在轨运行时大气和真实场景的影响,光学遥感相机信噪比应大于40dB。     

低太阳高度角月球影像的陨石坑自动提取方法

陨石坑是月球表面最重要的地形特征,对于研究月球的地质状况和地理状况具有重要的意义。充分考虑低太阳高度角影像中陨石坑特殊的拓扑结构和灰度分布特点,提出一种新的基于光照方向的陨石坑边缘连接方法,综合边缘线判别、边缘线组合、陨石坑判别的陨石坑筛选三步法,形成一套完整的低太阳高度角月球影像陨石坑自动提取流程。用低太阳高度角Lunar Orbit影像进行实验,检测成功率达到了73.9%,表明该方法对于低太阳高度角月球影像陨石坑的自动提取有较好的适用性。     

一种基于LIDAR的精确月球软着陆目标点选定方法

研究了月球探测器不设悬停阶段的精确软着陆运动中实时目标着陆点的自主选定方法．其过程包括着陆器运动补偿、数字高程图（DEM）的生成、障碍识别和最优安全着陆点搜索4个步骤．采用LIDAR敏感器,由经过运动补偿得到的斜距数据生成DEM,给出一种月面地形坡度和粗糙度的定义,根据安全着陆区的判据进行障碍识别,最后设计中心螺旋式搜索方法对探测器最优安全着陆点进行搜索选定．通过仿真验证了本文方法的有效性和优越性．     

基于DEM和GMTI的收发同置分布式InSAR编队构型设计

针对多星收发同置分布式干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR),建立了基线的空间几何模型,基于高程测量(DEM)和动目标检测(GMTI)任务设计卫星编队构型。给出了多星收发同置分布式InSAR的基线参数与构型参数的转换关系,在任务对基线的约束下,以小于某指标的测高和测速误差的轨道运行时间为优化目标,设计构型参数并仿真分析,获得了三种不同编队构型的基线稳定性和测量误差。     

影响天线高仰角跟踪性能的因素分析

雷达或遥测系统大多采用方位－俯仰型天线座，这样方位支路跟踪时，原理上需要引入正割补偿，且补偿系数随着俯仰角的提高而增大。引入正割补偿后将对天线高仰角时的跟踪性能产生影响。迄今为止的有关著作只对其中部分因素进行了论述。本文对这些因素进行了全面分析，并以实际目标飞行数据说明，在不同条件下，主要影响因素也会不同。     

The use of ionospheric tomography and elevation masks to reduce the overall error in single-frequency GPS timing applications

Signals from Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites at the horizon or at low elevations are often excluded from a GPS solution because they experience considerable ionospheric delays and multipath effects. Their exclusion can degrade the overall satellite geometry for the calculations, resulting in greater errors; an effect known as the Dilution of Precision (DOP). In contrast, signals from high elevation satellites experience less ionospheric delays and multipath effects. The aim is to find a balance in the choice of elevation mask, to reduce the propagation delays and multipath whilst maintaining good satellite geometry, and to use tomography to correct for the ionosphere and thus improve single-frequency GPS timing accuracy. GPS data, collected from a global network of dual-frequency GPS receivers, have been used to produce four GPS timing solutions, each with a different ionospheric compensation technique. One solution uses a 4D tomographic algorithm, Multi-Instrument Data Analysis System (MIDAS), to compensate for the ionospheric delay. Maps of ionospheric electron density are produced and used to correct the single-frequency pseudorange observations. This method is compared to a dual-frequency solution and two other single-frequency solutions: one does not include any ionospheric compensation and the other uses the broadcast Klobuchar model. Data from the solar maximum year 2002 and October 2003 have been investigated to display results when the ionospheric delays are large and variable. The study focuses on Europe and results are produced for the chosen test site, VILL (Villafranca, Spain). The effects of excluding all of the GPS satellites below various elevation masks, ranging from 5° to 40°, on timing solutions for fixed (static) and mobile (moving) situations are presented. The greatest timing accuracies when using the fixed GPS receiver technique are obtained by using a 40° mask, rather than a 5° mask. The mobile GPS timing solutions are most accurate when satellites at lower elevations continue to be included: using a mask between 10° and 20°. MIDAS offers the most accurate and least variable single-frequency timing solution and accuracies to within 10 ns are achieved for fixed GPS receiver situations. Future improvements are anticipated by combining both GPS and Galileo data towards computing a timing solution.     

某桥梁独立施工控制网高程复测技术研究

建立独立施工控制网是桥梁施工和安全运营的保证,而控制网的定期复测也很重要。本文以某大桥为例,就桥梁独立施工控制网高程部分的复测方法、数据平差方法、水准点稳定性探查等关键技术给予详细介绍。     

多径效应与低仰角跟踪

介绍多径效应产生的机理及对低仰角跟踪的影响。提出低仰角跟踪条件下 ,克服多径效应影响和改善天线跟踪平稳性的几种措施