Machining fixture for adaptive CNC machining process of near-net-shaped jet engine blade

Low stiffness and positioning problems are difficulties and challenges in the precise machining of near-net-shaped blades. This paper aims to achieve high accuracy in manufacturing by fixture- and deformation-control in the adaptive CNC machining process. Adaptive CNC machining technology is first analyzed, and new fixture-evaluation criteria and methods to evaluate the adaptive CNC machining process fixture design are built. Second, a machining fixture is designed and manufactured after analyzing its positioning scheme, clamping scheme, materials (PEEK-GF30), and structure characteristics. Finally, the designed fixture is analyzed by FEA and experimentally verified by a cutting experiment. The results show that the deformation of the blade is an overall rigid-body displacement, the main deformation of the blade-fixture system occurs on the four clamping heads, and this fixture can effectively protect the blade from local deformation. The proposed clamping-sequence method reliably and effectively controls the local maximum deformation of the blade. The system stiffness is increased by 20 Hz, with each clamping force increased by 200 N. Both high- and low-frequency displacement in roughing milling or finishing milling are acceptable relative to the accuracy demand of blade machining. This fixture and an adaptive CNC machining process can achieve high accuracy in blade manufacturing.     

基于4+2轴机床的叶轮加工技术

为扩展4轴机床的加工能力,使4轴机床具有使用鼓形刀具加工叶轮类零件的能力,将4轴机床扩展至4+2轴机床。从机构学角度对4+2轴机床进行运动学分析,证明了4+2轴加工方法的刀具姿态具有一个可优化的角度。根据机床运动链模型,推导了机床半联动轴参数与刀具姿态角度、联动轴运动参数之间的运动变换关系,得到了求解切触点处刀位信息的方法。根据对复杂曲面的几何分析、刀具干涉和机床运动范围,给出了一种4+2轴加工叶片的2个半联动轴参数选择方法。推导了4+2轴加工方法的刀轨生成算法。通过4+2轴叶轮加工实验,验证了4+2轴加工方法的可行性。实验结果表明,4+2轴加工方法生成的刀轨可用,使用4+2轴加工方法加工叶轮叶片的方案是可行的,具有生产应用价值。     

Principle of machining variant with counter curvature blending surfaces torus cutter

基于宽行加工理论和广域曲率吻合原则,提出一种利用圆环面内侧作为刀具工作面的反圆环面刀具宽行加工叶片进排气边的新方法.该方法通过优化刀具摆角使具有定母圆半径刀具工作面的包络面充分逼近叶片进排气边曲面,从而使刀具能在给定的精度范围内以最大行宽和最少刀轨行数加工出进排气边.最后,以某型号发动机叶片的进气边为例进行了加工实验.结果表明该方法能够大幅提高进排气边的加工质量,且反圆环面刀的加工行宽比球头刀提高了5倍.     

Machining Error Control by Integrating Multivariate Statistical Process Control and Stream of Variations Methodology

For aircraft manufacturing industries, the analyses and prediction of part machining error during machining process are very important to control and improve part machining quality. In order to effectively control machining error, the method of integrating multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) and stream of variations (SoV) is proposed. Firstly, machining error is modeled by multi-operation approaches for part machining process. SoV is adopted to establish the mathematic model of the relationship between the error of upstream operations and the error of downstream operations. Here error sources not only include the influence of upstream operations but also include many of other error sources. The standard model and the predicted model about SoV are built respectively by whether the operation is done or not to satisfy different requests during part machining process. Secondly, the method of one-step ahead forecast error (OSFE) is used to eliminate autocorrelativity of the sample data from the SoV model, and the T2 control chart in MSPC is built to realize machining error detection according to the data characteristics of the above error model, which can judge whether the operation is out of control or not. If it is, then feedback is sent to the operations. The error model is modified by adjusting the operation out of control, and continually it is used to monitor operations. Finally, a machining instance containing two operations demonstrates the effectiveness of the machining error control method presented in this paper.     

开式整体叶轮加工关键工艺技术研究

首先分析了该类零件的几何特点以及加工难点,然后提出了粗加工以及精加工当中的关键技术。阐述了插铣粗加工中,有关叶片直纹包络面的构建,刀轴矢量的选择;精加工中叶片整体加工中使用参数法规划均匀的刀具切削轨迹等关键技术。最后利用VERICUT软件,进行了加工仿真的验证,并且加工完成了开式整体叶轮的加工实例。     

基于极坐标的数控铣削手工编程零件加工

通过数控编程中直角坐标系与极坐标系的比较,分别介绍了在我国广泛使用的FANUC系统、SIEMENS系统以及国产华中数控系统的极坐标编程规定,针对用角度和长度尺寸给定的工件手工编程较难解决的问题,应用实例说明了基于极坐标进行手工编程加工零件的方法,从而简化了编程.     

超声磨料对TC4钛合金电火花加工表面质量的影响

为改善TC4钛合金电火花加工表面质量,减少表面微裂纹、重熔层等表面缺陷,提出了基于电极振动的超声磨料电火花复合加工方法。在煤油工作液中混入12g/L的SiC磨料粉,进行了有无超声磨料作用的窄脉冲(脉宽小于1μs)电火花加工的表面粗糙度对比实验研究。实验结果表明:SiC磨料的超声振动作用使零件表面粗糙度Ra由0.5μm降到0.2μm左右;重熔层厚度、表面裂纹的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片显示,超声磨料作用使重熔层厚度减薄20～30μm,表面微裂纹得到有效控制;机理分析认为工作液高频振动及磨料对工件的冲击作用,是改善TC4钛合金电火花加工表面质量的主要原因。研究表明磨料的超声振动作用可显著改善TC4钛合金电火花加工的表面质量。     

基于经线划分的非圆截面环形刀具刀位优化算法

目前环形刀具的刀位算法均未考虑圆刀片安装时存在的俯仰角和偏转角,因而在理论上存在较大的编程误差。针对实际使用刀具为非圆截面环形刀具的情况,通过对环形刀具的截面曲线进行分析,提出了一种基于经线划分的非圆截面环形刀具刀位优化算法。首先利用经线法求解出刀具表面和工件曲面之间的误差分布,然后根据此误差分布来调整刀具位置和姿态,使刀具表面与设计曲面在不发生干涉的情况下实现密切接触,从而得到刀具在指定定位点处的最优刀位。仿真结果表明,传统的五坐标刀位算法会产生较大的加工误差,而本文提出的算法消除了圆刀片安装时存在的俯仰角和偏转角所引起的加工误差,可有效提高复杂曲面的加工精度并获得满足给定编程公差的优化刀位。     

三元流闭式叶轮组合电加工技术研究Ⅱ——数控电解预加工

数控电解预加工是组合电加工技术中不可或缺的关键工艺,本文专题论述了三元流闭式叶轮数控电解预加工中阴极及其运动轨迹设计等关键技术。提出了采用多个阴极分区域加工流道的方法,利用先层切再叠加的方法将三维问题简化为二维问题处理而实现阴极加工型面的数值求解。在完成阴极结构优化设计专用工装夹具设计和数控加工程序编制的基础上,以某型三元流闭式叶轮为研究对象进行了加工工艺试验,并加工了符合设计要求的三元流闭式叶轮。试验研究表明,采取数控电解预加工工艺方案能够满足实际生产要求,可提高效率40%,降低电火花加工的电极损耗50%。     

五轴加工中非线性误差的检测和处理方法

非线性误差是多轴数控加工中加工误差的重要来源,在多轴加工中不可避免.在对前人工作分析的基础上,提出了一种在机床后置处理中减小机床过大非线性误差的算法,该方法通过对机床旋转轴的变化量进行监测,找出存在过大非线性误差的刀位点,并使用线性插值的方法进行修正.对修正前后的变化量进行了对比,结果显示该方法能显著的减小加工的非线性误差.同时该方法计算过程简单并且可以统一处理机床的一般非线性误差和后置奇异点处的非线性误差.仿真结果亦表明此方法切实可行.