二硫化钼对二次电子倍增效应的抑制作用研究

基于镀银铝合金材料的微波部件在高真空及大功率工作时容易产生二次电子倍增效应,引起噪声电平抬高,输出功率下降,导致微波部件失效。有效抑制二次电子倍增效应,对于空间微波部件的正常运行极为重要。二硫化钼不仅具有与石墨烯类似的结构,而且其带隙可调,具有出色的电学、光学等性能。通过水热法制备了二硫化钼,并将其涂覆在镀银铝合金材料的表面,研究了复合材料的二次电子发射特性。结果表明,合成的二硫化钼具有花瓣状的纳米结构,并可以显著降低镀银铝合金表面的二次电子发射系数至0.63,原因是三维形态的纳米花瓣状二硫化钼可在微波部件表面构建无数个“微陷阱”,使得二次电子被捕获的几率增加,从而降低其逸出材料表面的概率。表面涂覆二硫化钼的镀银铝合金材料可望用于提高大功率微波部件的阈值功率。     

基于机器学习的二次电子发射唯象模型

基于机器学习和深度人工神经网络(artificial neural network, ANN)提出一种二次电子发射唯象模型。利用Vaughan模型生成先验数据集,用于训练生成描述二次电子发射一般规律的先验知识ANN模型,并在不同参数条件下验证了先验知识ANN模型的正确性。然后,分别利用银和铝合金材料的二次电子发射系数实验数据修正先验知识ANN模型,分别得到了描述两种材料的特异ANN模型。测试结果表明,特异ANN模型计算结果与实验结果相比的平均绝对误差较Vaughan模型和Furman模型降低了30%以上,与复合唯象模型精度相当或更高。在小样本条件下测试了二次电子发射ANN模型的正确性,验证了分步训练方式的有效性和二次电子发射ANN模型对于小样本集的适应性。提出的基于机器学习的二次电子发射唯象模型能够避免复杂的参数修正过程,能够基于先验知识提升模型对于小样本的适应性,能够实现二次电子发射系数的连续插值,适于在数值模拟软件中使用。     

BP神经网络在元器件贮存可靠性参数预测中的应用

元器件贮存可靠性受多个非线性因素的影响。时间序列预测实质是实现一个非线性映射。应用BP神经网络模型对某元器件贮存可靠性性能参数时间序列进行了预测,仿真表明BP神经网络预测模型有较高的精度。     

航空金属滤网的特种加工技术(英文)

Thanks to recent advances in manufacturing technology, aerospace system designers have many more options to fabricate high-quality, low-weight, high-capacity, cost-effective filters. Aside from traditional methods such as stamping, drilling and milling, many new approaches have been widely used in filter-manufacturing practices on account of their increased processing abilities. How- ever, the restrictions on costs, the need for studying under stricter conditions such as in aggressive fluids, the complicity in design, the workability of materials, and others have made it difficult to choose a satisfactory method from the newly developed processes, such as, photochemical machining （PCM）, photo electroforming （PEF） and laser beam machining （LBM） to produce small, inexpensive, lightweight aerospace filters. This article appraises the technical and economical viability of PCM, PEF, and LBM to help engineers choose the fittest approach to turn out aerospace filters.     

面向太空环境应用的抗辐照有源光纤特性研究

针对太空恶劣辐射环境会造成光器件的光学性能下降或失效的问题,利用改良化学气相沉积法(MCVD)结合原子层沉积(ALD)掺杂技术制备铋铒共掺光纤(BEDF)和掺铒光纤(EDF),经不同辐照剂量的伽马射线处理后,对它们的光谱特性进行对比研究。光纤样品分别经0.3kGy、0.5kGy、0.8kGy和1.5kGy辐照处理,对比光谱发现BEDF的辐照诱导损耗(RIA)的增幅明显低于EDF,特别是经1.5kGy的辐照处理后,EDF的RIA比BEDF高1.93dB/m。EDF的荧光强度随辐照剂量的增加而降低,且低于未辐照前的荧光强度;而对于BEDF而言,其荧光强度随辐照剂量的增加先增加后减弱,且均高于未辐照的荧光强度。实验结果表明,BEDF具有一定抗辐照特性,对应用于太空环境具有重要研究意义。     

考虑连接刚度的导弹固有特性分析

导弹的动力分析是导弹设计中的一个重要环节,工程中常用非均匀梁作为动力分析的简化模型显然不够精确。本文采用了按照导弹实际尺寸建立的三维模型,而且动力模型中在舱段连接处引进了虚梁元,以考虑导弹舱段连接刚度的影响,进行固有特性分析。计算结果表明考虑舱段连接刚度后的固有特性计算值与实际值比较吻合。本文采用的方法对导弹进行动力分析时可推荐应用。     

地面低能电子辐照受地磁场影响的数值计算研究

大辐照面发散型电子枪是大型磁层亚暴环境试验系统的关键部件之一。文章利用数值计算方法研究了地磁场对地面低能电子辐照的偏转效应,分析了电子束流中心偏转距离和偏转角随地磁场强度、电子枪加速电压的变化规律,最后通过试验印证了数值计算结果。研究的结果对于研制应用于大型磁层亚暴环境试验系统的大辐照面发散型电子枪具有一定的指导意义。     

基于Rb-Xe体系核磁共振陀螺仪的Xe极化场测量方法

核磁共振陀螺仪具有小体积、高精度、低功耗等优点,是未来高精度微小型陀螺的主要发展方向之一。原子气室内 Xe 核自旋的极化是衡量原子气室性能的一个重要参数,直接影响陀螺的角随机游走, 因此准确快速地测量极化场有利于研制性能更优的原子气室。为了实现Rb-Xe体系的核磁共振陀螺仪快速、原位测量Xe的极化场,提出了利用Rb电子顺磁共振频移测量Xe极化场的方法。通过激励磁场翻转Xe极化场,推导了估算Xe极化场的简单公式。实验测量了在典型核磁共振陀螺仪装置中,10nT 量级的Xe极化场,结果与理论计算相符。表明这种方法能够快速有效的在核磁共振陀螺仪原位测量Xe的极化场。     

Influence of welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam welded Ti60 to GH3128 joint with a Cu interlayer

Effects of welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Cu/Ni joint welded by electron beam were investigated. High welding heat input increased the melting quantity of Ti60 titanium alloy and promoted the formation of Ti–Cu intermetallic compounds (IMC) such as Ti₂Cu and Ti₃Cu₄, increasing the brittleness of the joints. Low welding heat input was not conducive to the complete melting of the copper interlayer, and the unmelted copper reduced the performance of the joints. Under the optimal welding parameters, Ti–Ni IMCs in the weld would be replaced by (Cu, Ni) solid solutions ((Cu, Ni)_ss). However, Ti–Cu IMC layers cannot be eliminated entirely by changing the welding parameters. The maximum tensile strength of the joints was 201 MPa. The fracture of the joints occurred at the Ti–Cu IMC layer, which was a typical brittle fracture.     

Negative VTEC with spherical harmonic expansion model under different solar activity conditions

The Earth’s ionosphere can be described by a spherical harmonic (SH) expansion up to a specific degree. However, there exist negative vertical total electron content (VTEC) values in the global ionosphere map (GIM) with the SH expansion model. In this contribution, we specifically investigated the negative VTEC values that are induced by the SH expansion model and validated the performance of the inequality-constrained least squares (ICLS) method in eliminating the negative VTEC values. The GPS data from 2004 to 2017 was selected to cover one solar cycle and the experiments under different solar activity conditions were analyzed. The results in our work show that the occurrence of the negative VTEC values is attributed to the deficiency of the SH expansion model when the VTEC itself is small instead of the unevenly distribution of the GNSS stations. The negative VTEC values appear periodically in the temporal domain, showing apparently one year and half year periods. During one year, two peaks in June and December can be observed in the time series of the negative VTEC values. The number of negative VTEC values in June is obvious larger than that in December. During one solar cycle, the number of negative VTEC values under quiet solar activity condition is obvious larger than that under strong solar activity condition. In the spatial domain, the appearance of the negative VTEC values is strongly related with the movement of the subsolar point. In the latitude of the subsolar point has the largest magnitude, the negative values will appear on the opposite hemisphere and the further from the subsolar point the more negative values. The maximum number of the negative VTEC values in the southern hemisphere appears in June, while the peak value in the northern hemisphere appears in December. The maximum number of negative VTEC values in the southern hemisphere is generally larger than that in the northern hemisphere. In addition, the negative VTEC values are distributed both at middle latitude and high latitude in the southern hemisphere, while they are mainly distributed at high latitude in the northern hemisphere. When the ICLS method is used, the negative VTEC values can be eliminated efficiently and it has nearly no influence on the positive VTEC values. The ICLS method can also improve the receiver’s differential code bias (DCB) and significantly decrease the unreasonable negative slant TEC (STEC) values along the lines of sight. Using the final GIM product of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPLG) as a reference, the root mean square (RMS) of the ICLS solution shows maximum 25%, 20% and 45% improvement relative to the least squares (LS) solution at northern high latitude, southern middle latitude and southern high latitude, respectively.