航空用铝合金超微结构实验表征

为了使铝合金更好的服役于航空领域,就有必要对其微观结构进行实验表征,从而可以在铝合金微观结构和宏观性能之间搭建桥梁,最终优化铝合金的综合性能。本文介绍了航空用2xxx,6xxx和7xxx系铝合金发展历程以及时效析出过程中的微观结构演变,如Al-Cu合金GP区、Al-Cu-Mg合金GPB区等重要物相的结构特征,以及AlCu-Mg合金S相析出行为等都已得到了透彻的研究;阐述了透射电镜、扫描透射电镜、三维原子探针等技术的结合在Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金Ω相、Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金β″相的晶体结构及界面结构以及铝合金晶间腐蚀机理等研究上的应用;本小组实现了复杂选区电子衍射谱的快速模拟及标定,并基于会聚束电子衍射实现了对析出相体积分数的精确测量;最后指出,高分辨透射电镜原位加热研究及透射电镜原位力学测试等新技术手段的应用,对深层次研究铝合金相变规律、变形行为具有跨时代意义。     

电子辐照对聚乙烯热缩套管力学性能的影响

利用45 keV,1 MeV和2 MeV电子分别对聚乙烯热缩套管进行辐照实验,研究不同能量电子辐照对聚乙烯热缩套管力学性能的影响,并分析电子辐照下材料的损伤效应机理,建立力学性能退化规律。结果表明：实验选定的3种能量电子辐照都会造成聚乙烯的降解,材料脆化产生裂纹,从而导致其力学性能下降;但是由于这3种能量电子穿透深度不同,45 keV电子只能造成聚乙烯热缩套管表层材料损伤,力学性能最大下降量只有30%~40%,而1 MeV和2 MeV电子却会导致套管力学性能完全丧失,力学性能下降接近100%。     

TA12钛合金电子束焊接的显微组织和力学性能

采用电子束焊接对10mm TA12钛合金进行了焊接,焊缝表面形成良好.对TA12钛合金电子束焊接试样进行了金相分析和静力试验、冲击试验和扫描电镜(SEM)分析.结果表明,焊接接头熔合区、热影响区和母材区的微观组织差别明显;随着等轴α相体积分数的减少,接头塑性和冲击韧性值降低,但是拉伸强度变化不大.     

Day-to-day variability of equatorial anomaly in GPS-TEC during low solar activity period

The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) in the northern hemispheric equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest region is investigated by using dual-frequency signals of the Global Positioning System (GPS) acquired from Rajkot (Geog. Lat. 22.29°N, Geog. Long. 70.74°E; Geom. Lat. 14.21°N, Geom. Long. 144.90°E), India. The day-to-day variability of EIA characteristics is examined during low solar activity period (F10.7∼83 sfu). It is found that the daily maximum TEC at EIA crest exhibits a day-to-day and strong semi-annual variability. The seasonal anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry in TEC at EIA is found non-existent and weaker, respectively. We found a moderate and positive correlation of daily magnitude of crest, Ic with daily F10.7 and EUV fluxes with a correlation coefficient of 0.43 and 0.33, respectively indicating an existence of a short-term relation between TEC at EIA and the solar radiation even during low solar activity period. The correlation of daily Ic with Dst index is also moderate (r = −0.35), whereas no correlation is found with the daily Kp index (r = 0.14) respectively. We found that the magnitude of EIA crest is moderately correlated with solar flux in all seasons except winter where it is weakly related (0.27). The magnitude of EIA crest is also found highly related with EEJ strength in spring (r = 0.69) and summer (r = 0.65) than autumn (0.5) and winter (r = 0.47), though EEJ is stronger in autumn than spring.     

GNSS single frequency ionospheric range delay corrections: NeQuick data ingestion technique

A study of the performance of the NeQuick model and the Klobuchar model for GNSS single frequency range delay correction on a global scale was done using data for moderate solar activity. In this study NeQuick was used in the way intended for Galileo. This study is to assess the performance of the two models at each ionospheric geographic region during moderate solar activity as previously published studies were concentrated only on high solar activity. The results obtained showed that NeQuick outperformed Klobuchar for the whole year at the three geographical regions of the ionosphere. In terms of monthly root mean square of mismodeling, NeQuick outperformed Klobuchar by 15 TECU or more at low-latitudes, 5 TEC or more at mid-latitudes, and 1 TECU or more at high-latitudes.     

星载单频GPS数据的电离层延迟改正方法分析

利用C/A码单点定位对LEO(Low Earth Orbit)卫星上的电离层延迟改正方法——"电离层比例因子法"进行了分析研究.计算的CHAMP卫星的轨道结果表明:采用电子密度峰值高度(hmF2,F2 region maximum electron density height)平均值和瞬时值计算的电离层比例因子α变化范围分别为0.3~0.4和0.2~0.65之间,两者最大差异可达0.3,相比较而言,hmF2瞬时值的结果更加合理,并且相应的大地高H方向的系统偏差要降低0.05~0.3m左右;与双频无电离层组合的普通单点定位结果相比表明该方法能较好地消除电离层一阶项所引入的H方向上的系统偏差;该方法适用的LEO卫星轨道高度范围大致在200~ 600km之间,当轨道高度超过700km时,该方法并不适用.     

新型电子束焊机阴极加热电源自动调节系统

开发了一种新型电子束焊机阴极加热电源自动调节系统,包括新型主电路拓扑和对应控制策略,该系统能够使阴极处在最佳加热电流状态,从而提高电子束流稳定性.并且在检测到电子枪未加高压时,阴极加热电流自动关闭,在加有高压但束流给定为零时,阴极加热电流自动减少,能大幅增加阴极的使用寿命.经试验证明该系统相比传统阴极加热电源操作简洁、快速和准确,对焊缝成形质量好.     

Analysis of the ionosphere/plasmasphere electron content variability during strong geomagnetic storm

The ionosphere/plasmasphere electron content (PEC) variations during strong geomagnetic storms in November 2004 were estimated by combining of mid-latitude Kharkov incoherent scatter radar observations and GPS TEC data derived from global TEC maps. The comparison between two independent measurements was performed by analysis of the height-temporal distribution for specific location corresponding to the mid-latitudes of Europe. The percentage contribution of PEC to GPS TEC indicated the clear dependence from the time with maximal values (more than 70%) during night-time. During day-time the lesser values (30–45%) were observed for quiet geomagnetic conditions and rather high values of the PEC contribution to GPS TEC (up to 90%) were observed during strong negative storm. These changes can be explained by the competing effects of electric fields and winds, which tend to raise the layer to the region with lower loss rate and movement of the ionospheric plasma to the plasmasphere.     

梁纵向与横向耦合非线性振动分析

纵向振动和横向振动耦合是捆绑火箭等结构中的典型振动现象.以Rayleigh梁为研究对象,通过Hamilton变分原理推导了考虑应变二次项的纵向振动与横向振动耦合控制方程,并用有限元方法对该非线性系统的行为进行了模拟.针对线性系统固有振动频率和非线性纵横耦合动态响应情况,把所得结果与NASTRAN结果进行了比较,二者结果吻合,证明了本方法的正确性.在此基础上,借助振动控制方程和模拟结果,讨论了非线性系统频率与模态的时变特性,非线性动态响应频率成分特性,横向振动和纵向振动相互影响以及共振现象等.研究结果为本方法的实际应用提供了理论基础.      

石英玻璃的等离子体抛光技术研究现状

具有耐腐蚀、热膨胀系数低等诸多优良物理化学特性的石英玻璃在高性能光学系统中被广泛使用。要求元件达到纳米级别的表面粗糙度,而且没有损伤层和残余应力,因此精加工之后的超精密抛光工序尤为重要。本文介绍了气囊、磁流变、弹性发射、离子束等几种石英玻璃的精密抛光方法,侧重阐述了国内外等离子体的抛光技术,包括等离子体辅助化学刻蚀、等离子体喷射加工、等离子化学蒸发加工研究进展及取得的成果;且对等离子体的未来发展进行概述。