氰酸酯/线性酚醛/环氧树脂三元体系的研究

 在氰酸酯树脂/ 环氧树脂体系中引入了线性酚醛树脂,得到氰酸酯树脂/ 环氧树脂/ 线性酚醛树脂三元共聚体系。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC) 研究了三元共聚体系的反应动力学,根据Kissinger 方程和Ozawa 方程得到体系的表观活化能( Ea) :62. 94kJ / mol,确定了体系的反应速率常数K。比较了纯氰酸酯树脂、氰酸酯/ 环氧树脂体系和三元树脂体系玻璃布层压板的力学性能、介电性能以及吸湿率。结果表明,线性酚醛树脂用量为15wt %的三元体系复合材料的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度分别比氰酸酯/ 环氧树脂体系复合材料提高了6 %和15 %,介电损耗和吸水率分别降低了33 %和8 %。     

Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

考虑状态与基本变量随机模糊性的广义响应面可靠性分析

针对复杂结构、机构可靠性分析中的隐式极限状态方程,建立了可以同时考虑基本变量和失效一安全状态随机模糊双重不确定性因素的广义响应面可靠性分析方法。该方法采用模糊基本变量的等效随机化变换,在不改变基本变量模糊分布的情况下,建立了基于有限元分析的复杂结构、机构多个随机一模糊基本变量情况下的广义响应面法,利用广义响应面函数和模糊随机事件概率的计算公式,定义了复杂结构、机构广义失效概率的计算公式,并给出了多个模式情况下体系同时考虑状态和基本变量随机模糊性的广义失效概率计算公式。在弹性连杆机构强度刚度多模式广义可靠性分析的应用算例说明了所提方法的合理性。     

大速度状态下桨毂振动载荷计算方法

依据大速度前飞状态桨叶气动环境,通过对桨叶动力响应、翼型气动力、流场尾迹分布和桨根力等四个方面的分析,建立桨毂振动载荷预计模型。基于Leishman—Beddoes的附着流模型和动态失速模型计算翼型气动力,桨叶运动考虑刚性挥舞模态和弹性挥舞模态,诱导速度采用动力人流理论和Pite—He广义动态尾迹理论。利用状态空间法对方程进行离散化处理。以某型直升机为例。通过几种不同模型的计算,表明流场尾迹分布和桨叶运动变形对桨毂振动载荷预计有较大影响。     

酚醛树脂杂化磷酸盐基复合材料的研究

用酚醛树脂对磷酸盐进行了杂化，并用杂化基体制备了玻璃纤维增强的复合材料。考察了酚醛树脂加入量对复合材料的力学性能、吸水性和介电性能的影响。结果表明，酚醛树脂加入后。磷酸盐复合材料的力学性能明显提高，弯曲强度从50MPa提高到100MPa以上；吸水性显著下降，吸湿率从5．5％降低到1．5％左右；同时复合材料的介电性能亦有改善。     

三维编织复合材料蠕变行为的试验研究

对不同编织结构、不同编织角、不同纤维体积含量和不同应力水平下的三维编织复合材料试件进行了蠕变测试实验,研究了三维编织复合材料的蠕变性能.结果表明,三维四向编织复合材料的蠕变性能低于五向编织复合材料;编织角小的材料抗蠕变性能较好;纤维体积含量高的材料抗蠕变性能较好.并且材料所受应力水平越高,蠕变速率越高.此外,还表明幂指函数可以较好地拟合三维编织复合材料的蠕变曲线.     

铝基复合材料增强体碳、碳化硅和氧化铝表面涂层研究进展

基体与增强体间的界面对金属基复合材料的性质起着重要的作用。通过增强体表面处理和表面涂层可以使界面的性质得以改善。增强体涂层可分为金属涂层、陶瓷涂层 ;单层和多层涂层。涂层的常用制备方法有 :化学镀法、化学气相沉积法及溶胶 凝胶法等。本文针对铝基复合材料三种重要的增强体 :碳、碳化硅和氧化铝表面涂层以及它们对铝基复合材料的界面和性能的影响进行综述     

SY—H1糊状胶粘剂性能研究

SY H1为中温固化的单组分糊状环氧胶粘剂。本文详细介绍了该胶粘剂的固化工艺性能、耐水性能、耐热老化、耐温度交变、室温贮存性能、耐湿热老化、疲劳等综合性能。该胶粘剂具有固化温度低而使用温度较高的特点,在室温下有较长的贮存期,可应用于钢、铝和复合材料的胶接。     

Hf和Zr在高温材料中作用机理研究

在高温合金中,元素Hf和Zr可以促进γ γ′共晶、MC(2)碳化物、M2SC碳硫化物和Ni5M相的形成,改变草书状MC和M3B2成为块状并且通过净化晶界或枝晶间自由态的S来提高这些薄弱部位的结合强度,从而延迟裂纹的形成和扩展.Hf和Zr可提高铸造高温合金室温拉伸和中温持久的强度和塑性.Hf,Zr抑制次生碳化物M23C6和M6C的生成,从而提高了合金在高温长时热暴露时的显微组织稳定性.Hf,Zr降低合金的初熔温度,Ni5Hf和Ni5Zr相的初熔被认为是Hf,Zr影响初熔的主要原因.通过1150℃/8h的预处理,Ni5Hf以Ni5Hf γ(C)→MC(2) γ反应或者固溶两种方式被消除.元素Hf可以缩小枝晶间失去毛细管补缩能力和固相线之间的温度范围,还能降低枝晶间液池沟通所需的液体量.在凝固后期枝晶间的富Hf熔体具有很好的流动性、浸润性和趋肤效应,这些都是降低合金热裂倾向、提高合金可铸性和焊接性能的有利因素.具有高的化学活性的富Hf液膜容易在铸件表面形成Hf2O薄层.Hf和Zr是钎焊用中间层合金的降熔点元素.根据凝固过程中富Hf,Zr熔体的成分最终发展出Ni-18.6Co-4.5Cr-4.7W-25.6Hf和Ni-10Co-8Cr-4W-13Zr两种中间层合金,使单晶高温合金的无Si、B连接成为现实.还发展出了定向凝固片状Ni3Al/Ni7Hf2共晶合金,成分为Ni-5.8Al-32Hf和Ni-4Al-26Hf-8Cr-4W.Ni-5.8Al-32Hf合金的最佳凝固条件为温度梯度G=250℃·cm-1和凝固生长速率R=5μm·s-1;Ni-4Al-26Hf-8Cr-4W,凝固条件为G=350℃·cm-1和R=1μm·s-1.     

胶粘剂弹性模量对铝合金单搭接接头应力应变分布的影响

利用弹塑性有限元法研究胶粘剂的弹性模量对单搭接接头应力应变分布的影响.结果表明,随着弹性模量的增加,接头的应力峰值逐渐增大,并由胶层向胶瘤转移,其刚度越大,应变越小.低弹性模量胶粘剂的接头,载荷主要由胶层承担,胶层受力很均匀,而胶瘤的作用很小,胶瘤并没有很大地降低胶层中的应力峰值.高弹性模量胶粘剂的接头,胶瘤的作用很大,承担了很大一部分载荷,而胶层中部受力很不均匀.