应急通信中 WSN 的角色及生存性分析

无线传感网（WSN）具有部署方便、灵活健壮的特点,在应急通信场合发挥着重要作用,但复杂恶劣的网络环境对无线传感网的设计和部署提出了更高要求。说明了应急通信的特点,并分析了应急通信中无线传感网的角色及面临的技术挑战。从网络生存性的角度归纳了网络生存性的相关研究工作,并重点探讨了应急通信环境下无线传感网的生存性技术问题。     

基于RANS/LES混合方法的分离流动模拟

飞行器在大迎角、快速俯仰机动时,流场中含有大尺度、非定常的涡结构,传统雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （RANS）模型不能准确模拟流场结构,根据国际上相关研究的发展趋势,需要采用混合RANS/大涡模拟（LES）模型来对复杂分离流动进行准确模拟。本文对基于分区混合与湍流尺度混合的双重RANS/LES混合计算模型进行发展与应用。通过典型简化模型的静、动态湍流大分离流动,测试和验证所采用的脱体涡模拟（DES）类方法,重点研究改进的延迟DES （IDDES）模型在动态问题应用中的正确性和有效性,并对所采用的数值模拟方法和相应的计算软件的可靠性、鲁棒性以及精度进行了考核验证。典型算例包括超声速圆柱底部流动、跨声速方腔流动、NACA0015机翼深失速分离涡模拟等。计算表明：发展的IDDES类混合计算模型可有效解决对数层不匹配的问题;对于定态非定常分离流动,DES、DDES、IDDES等模型计算结果差别不大,随着流动的非定常特性增强,IDDES模型的优势逐渐显现;对于动态非定常分离流动,则需要采用IDDES类模型。     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

间隙平均电流检测在高频窄脉冲电解加工中的应用

提出了间隙平均电流检测法,通过电流平均值及其方差这两个参数对间隙进行检测,并给出了具体电路框图。     

叶片磨抛机器人力/位混合控制的设计与实现

为提高航空类发动机叶片的自动化磨抛精度,减小复杂曲面叶片加工轨迹控制误差,采用基于六维力传感器的机器人力/位混合控制策略,实现机器人磨抛轨迹的在线修正。搭建以Staubli机器人和ATI六维力传感器为核心部件的叶片磨抛验证平台,通过C++开发上位机,采集磨抛过程中六维力传感器信息并进行Kalman滤波。通过示教确定机器人运动轨迹,对机器人运动轨迹与力传感器信息进行采集分析,确定基于力/位混合控制可以实现机器人运动轨迹的在线修正,为复杂曲面的叶片磨抛轨迹控制提供一种解决方案。     

ZSGA?2型重力敏感器关键技术分析与试验验证

与国外主流海洋重力仪相比,国产海洋重力仪的分辨率低一个数量级,这制约了国产海洋重力仪的应用。针对国产海洋重力仪亟需提高分辨技术的需求,根据ZSGA-2型重力敏感器的工作原理,建立了弹性系统的力学模型,并开展了样机的静态性能测试。测试结果表明,经零位漂移和大地固体潮汐修正后的静态精度达到了0.03mGal,样机随重力仪进行楼层高差测量的重复性为0.15mGal。该型重力敏感器的分辨率已经达到了国外同类产品的技术水平,并具备了一定的动态适应性,为该型高分辨率零长弹簧重力敏感器开展高动态环境适应性技术研究奠定了坚实基础。     

变频电动机耦合电容分析与计算研究

脉宽调制(PWM)变频驱动器在提高交流传动系统效率的同时,产生的高次谐波导致共模电流显著增加。其中电动机定子绕组与定子铁心之间的耦合电容是共模电流的主要通路。准确计算定子绕组与定子铁心之间的耦合电容对于预测共模电流具有重要意义。由于电机绕组内部导线排列不规则,准确进行解析计算较为困难,将其简化为集中导体后,会导致计算精度变差。在绕组全散线模型的基础上,提出了一种简化散线建模方法,能在计算精度不变的情况下,有效地减小模型的复杂度。通过对比解析计算、全散线模型、简化散线模型和测量值,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

管道强制电流阴极保护电位计算的等效电阻法

针对受一个阴极保护站保护的埋地钢质管道,提出了管道电位和电流计算的等效电阻方法,并用解析方法推导出管道覆盖层破损后电位和电流的计算公式。等效电阻方法将所研究管道划分成若干管段,用一个电阻表示管段对轴向电流的阻碍作用,一个电阻表示对径向电流的阻碍作用,从而将管道强制电流阴极保护系统表示成一个等效电阻电路。利用网孔电流法求解该电路的网孔电流,并计算出管道各节点上的电位。计算结果表明,等效电阻方法得到的结果与解析法的计算结果完全吻合。该方法特别适合于管径和（或）过渡电阻发生变化的情况。     

超声速混合层液滴两相流动的大涡模拟

为研究超声速气流中液滴与气流的混合及液滴蒸发对混合的影响,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法数值仿真了超声速混合层内液滴两相流流场结构,气相流场采用亚格子(SGS)模型和切应力输运(k-ωSST)湍流模型,液相模拟采用轨道模型和单液滴蒸发模型。在混合层前缘入口处均匀持续地投放液滴,并在液滴入口处下方添加非周期小扰动,并观察液滴蒸发过程对该小扰动造成的影响。分析了入口小扰动在流场中不同的发展情况,发现液滴的蒸发过程使混合层厚度增加并加速混合层的发展,对气相流场扰动较强,可能导致流动失稳,对混合过程有很大的促进作用。