人体上呼吸道内稳态气流运动特性的PIV初步试验研究

人体上呼吸道内气流组织形式的研究对于进行气溶胶在呼吸道内的沉积分析具有重要的意义.应用粒子图像速度仪(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV)对人体上呼吸道内的稳态气流运动特性进行了试验研究,研究结果表明:口腔中、下部气流速度略大,其它位置速度相对较小,咽部外壁气流速度较大,高速气流贴近喉部和气管内壁向下流动,在内壁形成高速区域.咽部外壁、喉部和气管内壁分布的气动剪切力较大,承受的气动负荷较大,容易造成壁面劳损和组织损伤.     

带控制舵钝双锥削面体的气动特性研究

提出了带控制舵的钝双锥削面体飞行器气动布局概念,计算分析了其压心特性、升阻比特性、配平特性及操纵效率问题,同时还研究了纵向稳定配平条件下的航向安定性问题及动稳定性问题,并与带配平翼的钝双锥削面体外形进行了比较.两类外形的典型空间机动动作不同,操纵方式也各不相同:控制舵削面体具有更大的配平攻角变化范围和操纵效率,较小的舵面等效攻角有利于舵面防热及结构设计,而且俯仰配平时的航向安定性及动稳定性较好;而配平翼钝双锥削面体可采用迎风及背风进行俯仰控制,结合侧翼的扩张及迎风翼的差动实现空间"Z"形机动.     

基于脑电和眼动信号的人机交互意图识别

意图识别在人机交互（HCI）领域受到广泛关注,传统人机交互意图识别方法单纯依靠脑电（EEG）或眼动数据,不能很好地利用2种方法优点。为此,提出了一种融合脑电和眼动数据的人机交互意图识别方法,通过采集脑电和眼动信号,进行特征提取,输入机器学习模式识别网络进行意图识别,并基于Dempster-Shafer （D-S）证据理论进行决策层融合得出最终识别结果。招募了20名有效受试者进行交互意图识别实验,结果表明,基于脑电和眼动信号的人机交互意图识别方法识别准确率高于单纯依靠脑电和眼动数据的方法,可为下一步飞行器和武器系统人机交互系统自适应设计提供理论依据和技术支持。     

Real-time evaluation method of flight mission load based on sensitivity analysis of physiological factors

As the complexity of flight missions continues to increase, sending a timely warning or providing assistance to pilots helps to reduce the probability of operational errors and flight accidents. Monitoring pilots’ physiological data, real-time evaluation of mission load is a feasible technical way to achieve this. In this paper, a set of flight tasks including aircraft control, humancomputer interaction and mental arithmetic tests are designed to simulate five mission loads at different flight d...     

Water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity

A plant growth system for crop production under microgravity is part of a life supporting system designed for long-duration space missions. A plant growth in soil in space requires the understanding of water movement in soil void spaces under microgravity. Under 1G-force condition, on earth, water movement in porous media is driven by gradients of matric and gravitational potentials. Under microgravity condition, water movement in porous media is supposed to be driven only by a matric potential gradient, but it is still not well understood. We hypothesized that under microgravity water in void spaces of porous media hardly moved comparing in void spaces without obstacles because the concave surfaces of the porous media hindered water movement. The objective of this study was to investigate water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity. We conducted parabolic flight experiments that provided 20–25?s of microgravity at the top of a parabolic flight. We observed water movement in void spaces in soil-like porous media made by glass beads and glass spheres (round-bottomed glass flasks) in the different conditions of water injection under microgravity. Without water injection, water did not move much in neither glass beads nor glass spheres. When water was injected during microgravity, water accumulated in contacts between the particles, and the water made thick fluid films on the particles surface. When the water injection was stopped under microgravity, water was held in the contacts between the particles. This study showed that water did not move upward in the void spaces with or without the water injection. In addition, our results suggested that the difficulty of water movement on the convex (i.e. particle surfaces) might result in slower water move in porous media under microgravity than at 1G-force.     

人体手端点到点运动的优化轨迹生成与控制

考虑肢体肌肉的生理特征和肌肉收缩的动力学行为,利用肌肉等长收缩的最小功准则研究了人体手端点到点运动的优化轨迹生成与控制问题.讨论了肌肉收缩的动力学特性,建立水平面内上肢运动的动力学模型,提出将肌肉等长收缩的最小功准则作为优化的目标函数,运用最优化理论将手端点到点的运动问题转化为最优控制问题,设计了求解手端运动优化轨迹的迭代算法,得到了手端运动的控制规律和优化轨迹.算例仿真表明该方法对手端运动优化轨迹的预测是有效的.     

一种动态面神经网络鲁棒飞行控制律设计

提出一种基于RBF(Radial Based Function)神经网络和动态面控制的飞行控制律设计方法。针对飞机气动参数变化引起的非线性和不确定性,通过RBF神经网络在线逼近。动态面飞行控制律消除了反推设计方法中由于对虚拟控制反复求导而导致的复杂性问题。同时,在控制律设计中引入一个鲁棒因子项来补偿外界干扰和神经网络的逼近误差,提高了系统的鲁棒性,使整个系统获得更好的跟踪控制性能。基于Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了闭环系统的所有信号半全局一致终结有界,并且通过适当选择设计参数,跟踪误差可收敛到原点的一个小邻域内。最后,通过飞机俯仰运动飞行的数值仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于方向自适应菱形搜索的运动估计算法

基于对运动矢量分布特性的研究,提出了一种基于方向自适应菱形搜索的运动估计算法.该算法对搜索起始点进行预测;设置"双阈值",针对匹配块提前中止搜索;并根据运动特征,自适应地选择小菱形模板和4种新型的方向自适应菱形模板,具有强烈的搜索方向性.实验结果证明,该算法不仅大幅度地减少了平均搜索点数,而且在一定程度上提高了重建图像的信噪比,其搜索速度和精度均优于传统的快速运动估计算法.      

弹跳机器人动力学分析

弹跳机器人可以跃过数倍于自身尺寸的障碍物或沟渠,对地形有较强的适应力。但是相对于已经实用化的其他类型机器人,弹跳机器人目前还处于研究阶段。本文把驱动机构和弹跳机构一起加以考虑,综合各种阻尼的影响,构建了两类弹跳机器人模型。然后采用二阶拉格朗日方程,对其进行相应的动力学分析和比较,求出模型的动力学标准状态方程和弹跳高度的计算公式;并通过计算机模拟结果和试验结果的对比说明了分析的正确性。本文的分析结果同时适用于连续型和间隙型弹跳机器人的动力学分析。     

无人机折叠机翼展开运动特性研究

采用两种分析方法对某无人机的机翼折叠/展开运动特性进行研究。建立该机构运动的微分方程,用龙格-库塔法进行求解;用M ATLAB非线性优化工具包对扭转弹簧的主要参数进行了优化设计;利用多体动力学分析软件进行机构的运动仿真分析。两种方法得到分析结果与实验吻合很好。