Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Effects on Thrust and Inlet Pressure of an Air-breathing Pulse Detonation Engine

Nozzle effects on thrust and inlet pressure of a multi-cycle air-breathing pulse detonation engine (APDE) are investigated experimentally. An APDE with 68 mm in diameter and 2 050 mm in length is operated using gasoline/air mixture. Straight nozzle, converging nozzle, converging-diverging nozzle and diverging nozzle are tested. The results show that thrust augmentation of converging-diverging nozzle, diverging nozzle or straight nozzle is better than that of converging nozzle on the whole. Thrust augmentation of straight nozzle is worse than those of converging-diverging nozzle and diverging nozzle. Thrust augmentations of diverging nozzle with larger expansion ratio and converging-diverging nozzle with larger throat area range from 20% to 40% on tested frequencies and are better than those of congeneric other nozzles respectively. Nozzle effects on inlet pressure are also researched. At each frequency it is indicated that filling pressures and average peak pressures of inlet with diverging nozzle and converging-diverging nozzle with large throat cross section area are higher than those with straight nozzle and converging nozzle. Pressures near thrust wall increase in an increase order from without nozzle, with diverging nozzle, straight nozzle and converging-diverging nozzle to converging nozzle.     

一种改进的直接转矩控制算法

分析了转矩角与定转子磁链角速度及电机速度的关系,提出一种新的直接转矩控制算法.通过转矩角增量和定转子磁链的位置,计算出补偿转矩和定子磁链的参考电压矢量,基于空间矢量调制技术实现对逆变器电压状态的控制,改善了系统的性能.给出了仿真结果,证明了算法的合理性和有效性.     

LSDW速度随激光参数和环境气体压强变化规律的实验研究

对LSDW速度随入射激光能量、激光聚焦角度和环境气体压强变化的规律进行了实验研究。研究发现,入射单脉冲激光能量越大,聚焦角度越小,环境气体压强越小,LSDW的传播速度越大。实验测量得到的LS-DW速度随入射激光能量、聚焦角度和环境气体压强的变化规律与一维理论公式中体现的规律完全一致。将相同条件下的实验数据与理论结果进行比较后发现,二者在定性上取得了很好的一致性,但在定量上有所差别,因此需要对现有一维理论公式进行修正,以便更深入地研究LSDW的传播演化规律和特性。     

旋转爆轰的三维数值模拟

旋转爆轰利用爆轰波在燃烧室的供气端传播,而爆轰产物从另一端排出。为了揭示其宏观特性,采用带化学反应的三维Euler方程,在贴体坐标系中,利用带限制函数的波传播算法,对圆环形燃烧室内的旋转爆轰进行了数值研究,讨论了爆轰传播过程中的波系结构。数值结果表明,即使仅在燃烧室内壁面的部分区域充入可燃气,爆轰波也能够以旋转方式在该区域稳定传播。     

基于Simulink的直接序列扩频通信系统的仿真

卫星通信系统测试扩频信号源需具备自检功能。文章利用MATLAB的可视化工具箱Simulink建立了直扩通信系统的仿真模型,为扩频信号源自检程序设计提供参考。采用滑动相关捕获算法、单△值非相干延迟锁定伪码跟踪环,实现了伪码同步。仿真结果表明,该系统可无误码地恢复发端原始信息。     

横向气流中非牛顿液体射流直接数值模拟

采用直接数值模拟研究了动量比为6的非牛顿液体射流在横向气流中的破碎特征,重点分析了表面波发展、弯曲特性和展向扩散等射流结构及其非牛顿特征。在非牛顿液体射流的近喷嘴位置,其表面迹线随时间摆动,并有逆横向气流方向运动的趋势。射流的展向扩散仅在喷入初期较为明显,此后基本维持在接近35°的扩散半角。射流的一次破碎,尤其是液丝与液滴、甚而卫星液滴的生成过程都被精细地捕捉和描述。在近喷嘴的射流柱附近,横向气流流动具有一定的圆柱扰流相似性,在其他区域则表现为极其复杂的紊流特征。射流的非牛顿特性主要体现在黏性系数,不同位置的液体黏性系数相差超过20%。相较牛顿液体射流,剪切稀化的非牛顿射流具有更易破碎的特征。     

渐扩变截面通道对会切磁场推力器性能的影响

为了改善会切磁场推力器在低功率下对中低等流量变化的不适应性,采用了一种渐扩的变截面通道设计来提升推力器中低等流量下的性能,对比了两种等截面通道与一种渐扩通道在中低等流量下的性能。虽然渐扩通道与小直径的等截面通道相比,会略微降低通道内的原子密度,但渐扩通道由于减小了出口离子能量损失,同时增大磁镜比促进电离,从而能够提升推力器在同等推力水平下的效率。而大直径等截面通道和小直径等截面通道分别由于原子密度过低及壁面损失较大,性能均不如渐扩通道。因此,渐扩型变截面通道在中低等流量变化范围内具有更优的性能,这对推力器性能的进一步优化具有重要意义。     

脉冲爆震发动机旋转阀技术研究

为解决脉冲爆震发动机高频稳定连续燃烧推进剂间歇式供应难题,开展了旋转阀技术研究.通过采用伺服电机驱动二阶凸轮特殊结构设计,将电机轴的旋转运动转换为控制阀芯的直线开关运动,并放大电机旋转频率特性,实现最大200 Hz的高频控制.突破了高频响应、长寿命驱动和氧气安全性保障关键技术,完成旋转阀鉴定试验和脉冲爆震发动机地面点火试车考核.研究结果表明,与传统电磁阀相比,旋转阀能够有效提高响应频率,实现了爆震波的稳定连续输出,满足工程应用要求.     

基于正反问题耦合的压气机特性快速预测方法

提出一种基于正反问题耦合的压气机特性快速预测方法,根据压气机一维设计理论,通过对满足流量及压比设计指标的反问题求解快速得出压气机的气动布局方案,在此基础上结合非设计点损失和落后角模型通过正问题求解得出全工况压气机特性,再根据预测特性与目标的偏差调整气动布局方案,以此通过对正反问题的耦合求解实现对压气机特性的合理快速预测...     

Research on failure criterion of composite based on unified macro- and micro-mechanical model

A new unified macro- and micro-mechanics failure analysis method for composite structures was developed in order to take the effects of composite micro structure into consideration. In this method, the macro stress distribution of composite structure was calculated by commercial finite element analysis software. According to the macro stress distribution, the damage point was searched and the micro-stress distribution was calculated by reformulated finite-volume direct averaging micromechanics (FVDAM), which was a multi-scale finite element method for composite. The micro structure failure modes were estimated with the failure strength of constituents. A unidirectional composite plate with a circular hole in the center under two kinds of loads was analyzed with the traditional macro-mechanical failure analysis method and the unified macro- and micro-mechanics failure analysis method. The results obtained by the two methods are consistent, which show this new method’s accuracy and efficiency.