中国大型运输机的发展

Aircraft manufacturers always try to do new aircraft on an old basis. A300 is the basis of A380. It is very important for China to own a basis-one type of Chinese own commercial large transport. Trying to find some enlightenment from A380,for Chinese regional aircraft such as ARJ21, ERJ145 and other commercial large transports. Simultaneously,the opportunities and challenges to China Civil Aviation Industry are also discussed in this paper.     

Cosmic-Ray Transport Coefficients

A review of cosmic-ray transport coefficients, based on historic and recent observations and theoretical insights, is presented. Particular emphasis is on the transport of cosmic rays across the magnetic field, which is of foremost importance, and is presently poorly understood and widely debated.     

Element Settling in the Solar Interior

Element settling inside the Sun now becomes detectable from the comparison of the observed oscillation modes with the results of the theoretical models. This settling is due, not only to gravitation, but also to thermal diffusion and radiative acceleration (although this last effect is small compared to the two others). It leads to abundance variations of helium and heavy elements of ≅ 10% below the convective zone. Although not observable from spectroscopy, such variations lead to non-negligible modifications of the solar internal structure and evolution. Helioseismology is a powerful tool to detect such effects, and its positive results represent a great success for the theory of stellar evolution. Meanwhile, evidences are obtained that the element settling is slightly smoothed down, probably due to mild macroscopic motions below the convective zone. Additional observations of the abundances of both 7Li and 3He lead to specific constraints on these particular motions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

络阴离子在阴极放电中的推动力

众所周知,“简单金属离子”可在电极上放电。而络阴离子,如:Zn(oH)_4~(2-),CU(CN)_4~(2-),Ag(CN)_2~-,等等,能逆电场力跑到阴极表面去放电,这似乎是不可思议的事。本文扼要阐述引起此现象的原因所在。     

Nb基合金中氧原子扩散及团簇化的第一性原理

利用第一性原理计算,研究了氧原子在Nb中的扩散现象以及施加应变的影响,并对氧原子在Nb-Ti、Nb-Zr合金中的团簇化进行了计算分析。发现在单向应变下,在平行于应变方向上,氧原子的扩散势垒随着应变的增大不断减小,当应变为10%时,扩散激活能从初始的0.92eV降低至0.5eV左右;在垂直于应变方向上,氧原子更容易扩散至被拉长的八面体间隙中,即单向应变下氧原子会在Nb中沿应变方向聚集排列,这会在实际材料中导致应力的集中。计算研究了氧原子在Nb合金中的团簇化问题,发现在纯Nb中,氧原子倾向于均匀分布而不是形成氧原子对;添加合金元素Ti和Zr后,随着氧原子浓度的升高,氧原子对将在合金元素周围形成,Zr周围氧原子对的形成可使体系的能量降低0.29eV。     

湍流输运的张量系数模型

实验表明,除均匀各向同性湍流之外,由湍流脉动引起的标量的输运都是各向异性的,且平均量梯度与湍流输运通量之间有一夹角。因此,在用梯度准则模拟湍流输运时,其输运系数应是一个二阶张量。本文推出一个张量形式的输运系数计算公式,并用它分析均匀各向同性湍流、有应变率的均匀剪切流、管内流动和二维平面射流中的热通量问题,均获得了满意的结果。     

湍流扩散火焰的流场计算

本文采用修正的k-ε湍流模型以及实验测得的初始条件,计算了冷态和湍流扩散火焰的流场。结果令人满意。     

THE DIFFUSION BONDING OF Ti－6AI－4V TITANIUM ALLOY UNDER SUPERPLASTIC CONDITION

ＴＨＥＤＩＦＦＵＳＩＯＮＢＯＮＤＩＮＧＯＦＴｉ－６ＡＩ－４ＶＴＩＴＡＮＩＵＭＡＬＬＯＹＵＮＤＥＲＳＵＰＥＲＰＬＡＳＴＩＣＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮ￥ＺｈａｎｇＺｈｏｎｇｙｕａｎ；ＣａｉＣｈｅｎｇｈｅ；ＬｉｎＺｈａｏｒｏｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅｃｈａ...     

电化学CO2浓缩器氧气体扩散电极Pt/C粉的研制

氧气体扩散电极是电化学CO2浓缩器的关键因素之一，氧电极催化能力的研究有利于提高CO2的转移指数和转移速率。通过活性炭的预处理及Pt／C粉制备方法的选择，改进了氧电极的制备工艺。此外，以正交试验的结果分析为基础，得到了氧电极Pt／C粉的最佳制作条件。     

多级轴流压气机的径向掺混

 随着压气机向着更高的级负荷和更低的展弦比方向发展,径向掺混问题在气动分析和气动设计中越来越重要,当前对决定径向掺混的主要因素众说不一。本文用严格的理论,得到了用统一形式表示含二次流和湍流在内的各个径向掺混因素的多级轴流压气机通流基本方程组,并讨论了二维通流流场湍流掺混与实际流场三维剪切结构的关系。基本方程组的数值结果与试验结果以及其它掺混理论结果比较表呀,该方程组能够满意地模拟多级轴流压气机中的径向掺混特性。