基于卫星星历的TDOA/FDOA研究

文章研究利用卫星星历中的轨道参数以及地面辐射源的经纬度和高程,采用几何矢量法,建立了对各种轨道卫星具有通用性的卫星接收信号TDOA/FDOA估计模型,分析了从典型卫星通信系统Globalstar和Inmarsat中选取的2颗卫星在接收辐射源信号时TDOA/FDOA变化情况。仿真结果表明,文中所建模型具有较好的适用性,为无源定位中TDOA/FDOA的估计结果提供了一种验证方法。     

Exploring Regional Variation in Spatial Language Using Spatially Stratified Web-Sampled Route Direction Documents

Spatial language, such as route directions, can be analyzed to shed light on how humans communicate and conceptualize spatial knowledge. This article details a computational linguistic approach using route directions to study regional variations in spatial language. We developed a web-sourcing approach to collect human-generated route direction documents on a geographical scale. Specifically, we built the Spatially strAtified Route Direction (SARD) Corpus through automated scraping, classifying, and georeferencing of route directions. Based on semantic categories of cardinal and relative direction terms, the analysis of the SARD Corpus reveals significant differences and patterns on both national (United States, United Kingdom, and Australia) and regional (contiguous U.S. states) levels. Combining computational linguistics and georeferencing approaches offers the potential for extending classic spatial linguistic studies.     

Multi-objective design optimization of the transverse gaseous jet in supersonic flows

The mixing process between the injectant and the supersonic crossflow is one of the important issues for the design of the scramjet engine, and the efficiency mixing has a great impact on the improvement of the combustion efficiency. A hovering vortex is formed between the separation region and the barrel shock wave, and this may be induced by the large negative density gradient. The separation region provides a good mixing area for the injectant and the subsonic boundary layer. In the current study, the transverse injection flow field with a freestream Mach number of 3.5 has been optimized by the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA II) coupled with the Kriging surrogate model; and the variance analysis method and the extreme difference analysis method have been employed to evaluate the values of the objective functions. The obtained results show that the jet-to-crossflow pressure ratio is the most important design variable for the transverse injection flow field, and the injectant molecular weight and the slot width should be considered for the mixing process between the injectant and the supersonic crossflow. There exists an optimal penetration height for the mixing efficiency, and its value is about 14.3 mm in the range considered in the current study. The larger penetration height provides a larger total pressure loss, and there must be a tradeoff between these two objection functions. In addition, this study demonstrates that the multi-objective design optimization method with the data mining technique can be used efficiently to explore the relationship between the design variables and the objective functions.     

有限差分法的坐标变换诱导误差

有限差分法应用于具有复杂外形的网格时需要进行坐标变换,在此过程中经常会引入坐标变换诱导误差。在柱坐标系下使用均匀网格进行均匀流场计算,计算结果表明,即使物理坐标对计算坐标的变换函数连续可导、计算过程中坐标变换系数直接采用准确的解析式、网格完全正交并且充分光滑,也无法避免坐标变换诱导误差。理论分析表明,产生坐标变换诱导误差的机理是笛卡尔坐标系下的守恒型欧拉方程变换至贴体坐标系下后增加了源项。针对该问题,目前国内外学者通常采用几何守恒律,构建与差分格式相匹配的坐标变换系数计算方法来消除源项。本文介绍了从包含源项的离散等价方程基础上直接进行离散的新算法,在此基础上针对非等距网格条件下MUSCL类格式重构过程进行误差分析,理论推导表明重构中需要考虑非等距插值公式的影响系数,将变量转换至计算空间内进行MUSCL重构才能保证该过程具有均匀网格下的插值精度。通过理论分析及数值实验证明新算法对于均匀流场完全不会引入坐标变换误差。     

伪码-线性调频复合信号的参数估计

针对伪码随机二相编码-线性调频复合信号的参数估计问题,提出了基于解线调与相位差分的盲估计方法。首先对信号进行平方,消除相位调制,然后用解线调估计出调频斜率,用重构的线性调频信号消除复合信号中的线性调频成分,用平滑的功率谱估计出起始频率,最后采用改进的相位差分进行码元宽度的估计与伪码序列的恢复。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

论中英文姓名的源流及其文化差异

姓名是一种指代符号,它是人们藉以相互区别的标志。姓名同时又是一种特殊的语言文化现象,它的产生源于氏族、家族或民族共生的文化心理,有其深刻的历史背景。不同民族之间的姓名源流不同,内容与形式也有很大差异。本文从中英文化的不同角度,论述中英文姓名在起源、形式及其功能等方面的差异。     

一种4站情况下基于TDOA/FDOA的无源定位方法

在基于时频差的三维运动目标无源定位系统中,针对在4个接收站的情况下搜索法实时性低的问题,提出了一种基于改进的加权最小二乘法（MWLS）与萤火虫算法（FA）相结合的无源定位方法（MWLS-FA）。该方法的第1步通过构造一组新的方程来对加权最小二乘（WLS）方法进行改进,使得改进后的WLS方法在4站情况下也能得到目标位置和速度的初始值,第2步利用这个初始值为FA方法提供一个动态的搜索区域,同时在约束条件的添加和参数选择两个方面针对性地对FA方法做出了调整和改进。仿真结果表明,该方法在4站情况下对目标的定位精度可以达到克拉美罗下限（CRLB）,而且在实时性和抗噪性方面优于传统的搜索法,同时该方法在5站情况下的抗噪性能优于两步加权最小二乘法（TSWLS）和约束加权最小二乘（CWLS）法。     

利用一维像序列时域差分估计目标进动频率

针对弹道目标识别中目标运动特征参数估计问题,提出一种一维距离像（HRRP）序列时域差分目标进动频率估计方法,该方法首先对一维距离像进行归一化处理,利用峰值法对齐相邻一维距离像,然后计算相邻一维距离像之间的差分值,获得相邻一维距离像差分值序列,最后采用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）从该差分值序列中估计目标进动频率。该方法具有以下优点：利用相邻一维距离像差分值序列能够增强目标进动频率成份,降低其他频率成份,更有利于进动频率的估计;只需要对齐相邻2个一维距离像,而避免了对齐一维距离像序列所带来的问题。利用由FEKO软件计算的进动目标宽带一维距离像仿真数据进行了实验,结果表明所提方法比常规的加权累积法更有效,估计精度更高。     

一种飞行迎角和侧滑角解算方法研究

水陆两栖飞机的机身外形复杂,采用单一迎角传感器难以消除侧滑角的影响。对某大型水陆两栖飞机的前机身模型进行风洞试验,根据机身两侧迎角传感器受侧滑角影响的特点,在机身两侧对称位置安装迎角传感器,研究左右两侧迎角传感器的测量值随模型迎角、侧滑角的变化规律;根据左右两侧测量值的均值和差值,反算得到飞行迎角和侧滑角,并对此迎角、侧滑角解算方案进行试飞验证。结果表明：机身两侧安装迎角传感器可以消除侧滑角影响,从而得到准确的迎角信号,还可根据左右迎角差值计算得到侧滑角,采用机身左右两侧的迎角传感器解算飞行迎角和侧滑角是可行的。