工程系统健康描述及基于GFRF方法的健康监测

健康管理概念是伴随着工程系统应用而产生的.针对目前复杂系统综合健康管理技术领域缺乏有效的系统健康表示方法的问题,提出了健康向量、健康指数、健康函数、健康态变映射、健康状态映射等一系列描述工程系统健康的基本概念.与传统的部件状态参数描述方法相比,引入健康向量等概念可以全面地描述系统级健康,并且能够有效地刻画系统健康的动态变化本质.分析了Volterra级数系统描述方法和广义频率响应函数分析技术,利用系统健康形式化定义构建系统健康向量,讨论了一类非线性系统基于广义频率响应函数的健康监测技术.以非线性弹簧-阻尼-质量块系统为研究对象,通过仿真计算,给出了系统健康监测数据与系统健康指数的对应关系.仿真实验结果证明了系统健康形式化描述方法的有效性以及基于广义频率响应函数健康监测方法的可行性.      

热轧AZ31镁合金温变形中的微观组织演变

在50~250℃的温度范围和1.4×10^-3~1.4×10^-1s^-1的应变速率范围内通过单向拉伸试验检验了热轧AZ31镁合金的温变形性能。通过光学显微镜和透射电镜观察了温变形中的微观组织演变。结果表明:在温变形的初始阶段,孪生为主要的变形机理和硬化机制。由孪生变形积聚的畸变能和非基滑移的启动导致了动态再结晶的形核与长大。应变速率的提高对动态再结晶的抑制是造成AZ31镁合金温变形中应变速率敏感性的原因。     

飞机结构件数控加工变形控制研究与仿真

以飞机弧形结构件这一典型易变形的零件为例,研究数控加工变形情况及其影响因素,分析数控加工过程中切削力对变形、残余应力对加工变形、装夹布局对飞机结构件数控加工变形的影响,并针对所研究的3个方面建立相应的物理仿真模型,模拟加工变形情况,提出了相应的解决方案。     

基于隐马尔科夫模型的故障诊断系统研究

在制造行业中,机械设备的状态检测技术能提供关于设备运行状态的实时信息,为避免生产损失和减少设备的致命故障提供保障。提出了一套基于小波变换和隐马尔科夫模型(Hidden Markov Models,HMMs)的故障检测系统。提出了小波模极大值分布(Wavelet Modulus Maxima Distribution),并将之定义为诊断系统的观察量加以验证。同时该系统采用在线模型参数估计和培训算法,通过选取能最大化对数似然度的HMM模型,确定设备所处状态。     

路径积分差分吸收激光雷达反演模型设计与测试

激光雷达作为主动探测手段,能够较好地弥补被动卫星(如OCO-2/3、GOSAT-1/2和Tan Sat等)的不足,实现高精度、全天候和全天时的观测。中国在2022年4月16日成功发射世界首颗基于主动理论探测二氧化碳柱浓度(XCO2)的激光雷达卫星。本文基于前期在秦皇岛的缩比飞行试验数据,围绕优化积分权重函数和优化差分吸收光学厚度两大核心要素,提出了基于光谱能量模型的算法框架。该框架旨在提高基于主动理论的星载激光雷达探测XCO2反演的精度。评估获得光谱能量模型在海上、陆地上的测距精度分别为0.74和6.20 m。论文的工作在10 s滑动平均值下,海洋、城市和山区的平均XCO2值分别为411.07、425.71、417.87 ppm,标准差分别为1.93、0.85、0.96 ppm。综上所述,光谱能量模型对我国发展基于差分吸收激光雷达的二氧化碳浓度算法具有重要的参考意义。     

直接操作FFD的牙齿修复冠变形设计

提出了在约束条件下基于直接操作自由曲面变形修复冠的变形设计方法,完全以患者口腔内的约束条件为基础,通过对特征位置增加、修改、删除约束点和载荷点,再对上述点施加拉伸和压缩,从而获得适合的牙冠修复模型。最后,通过一个牙冠修复体变形设计的例子,说明该方法的有效性。     

Correlation-weighted least squares residual algorithm for RAIM

The Least Squares Residual (LSR) algorithm, one of the classical Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) algorithms for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), presents a high Missed Detection Risk (MDR) for a large-slope faulty satellite and a high False Alarm Risk (FAR) for a small-slope faulty satellite. From the theoretical analysis of the high MDR and FAR cause, the optimal slope is determined, and thereby the optimal test statistic for fault detection is conceived, which can minimize the FAR with the MDR not exceeding its allowable value. To construct a test statistic approximate to the optimal one, the Correlation-Weighted LSR (CW-LSR) algorithm is proposed. The CW-LSR test statistic remains the sum of pseudorange residual squares, but the square for the most potentially faulty satellite, judged by correlation analysis between the pseudorange residual and observation error, is weighted with an optimal-slope-based factor. It does not obey the same distribution but has the same non-central parameter with the optimal test statistic. The superior performance of the CW-LSR algorithm is verified via simulation, both reducing the FAR for a small-slope faulty satellite with the MDR not exceeding its allowable value and reducing the MDR for a large-slope faulty satellite at the expense of FAR addition.     

Deformation monitoring using GNSS-R technology

GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) has been widely studied in recent years for various applications, such as soil moisture monitoring, biomass analysis, and sea state monitoring. This paper presents the concept of a novel application of using GNSS-R technology for deformation monitoring. Instead of installing GNSS on the deformation body to sense the movement, GNSS-R deformation monitoring system estimates the deformation from receiving GNSS signal reflected by the deformation body remotely. A prototype of GNSS-R deformation monitoring system has been developed based on GNSS software receiver technology. A 3D geometrical model of GNSS signal reflection has been used to reveal the relationship between the change of carrier phase difference and deformation. After compensating the propagation path delay changes caused by satellite movement, the changes in the remaining carrier phase difference are linked to the deformation. Field tests have been carried using the GNSS-R system developed and the results show sub-centimeter level deformation can be observed with the new technology. Unlike other GNSS deformation monitoring methods, GNSS-R receivers are not installed on the slope which makes this new technology more attractive.     

Crack monitoring method based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential technique for metal structure

Advanced crack monitoring technique is the cornerstone of aircraft structural health monitoring.To achieve real-time crack monitoring of aircraft metal structures in the course of service,a new crack monitoring method is proposed based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential difference principle.Firstly,insulation treatment process was used to prepare a dielectric layer on structural substrate,such as an anodizing layer on 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate,and then a Cu coating crack monitoring sensor was deposited on the structure fatigue critical parts by pulsed bias arc ion plating technology.Secondly,the damage consistency of the Cu coating sensor and2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate was investigated by static tensile experiment and fatigue test.The results show that strain values of the coating sensor and the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate measured by strain gauges are highly coincident in static tensile experiment and the sensor has excellent fatigue damage consistency with the substrate.Thirdly,the fatigue performance discrepancy between samples with the coating sensor and original samples was investigated.The result shows that there is no obvious negative influence on the fatigue performance of the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy after preparing the Cu coating sensor on its surface.Finally,crack monitoring experiment was carried out with the Cu coating sensor.The experimental results indicate that the sensor is sensitive to crack,and crack origination and propagation can be monitored effectively through analyzing the change of electrical potential values of the coating sensor.