矩阵式项目管理研究

文章结合项目管理的理论与实践,阐明型号研制的一种组织管理模式。首先对矩阵组织的优点和缺点进行了阐述,同时指出项目组织或项目经理与职能(业务)部门或部门经理之间的矛盾或冲突,然后在对这些问题进行成因分析的基础上,提出了针对性的解决措施。     

基于飞发一体化的滑油系统热性能仿真

航空发动机滑油系统与飞机、发动机的关联参数有限。为准确表达变工况滑油系统的热性能,通过研究发动机轴承腔热性能与转子转速及主流路温度参数的拟合关系,将主机温度、燃滑油参数作为输入,对发动机滑油系统在飞行剖面上典型飞行状态点的热性能参数进行了迭代计算;针对管壳式燃滑油散热器结构及运行特性,计算了散热器换热性能。建立轴承腔和散热器的数学模型;基于系统流动仿真平台,利用内部的二次开发环境编写出C#语言代码,开发出了适用于发动机的轴承生热模型和散热器模型,实现发动机滑油系统与发动机燃油系统及飞机热管理系统的联合计算;在航空发动机、飞机变工况输入条件下,进行滑油系统、发动机整机及飞发一体化的变工况热性能迭代计算,并与试验数据进行对比。结果表明：该计算方法误差小于5%,可较准确地反映变工况条件下的热管理相关参数,为飞发一体化热管理联合仿真分析提供可靠的数据来源。     

动态系统元器件失效率的矩独立重要性测度分析

针对不确定性元器件失效率对动态系统失效概率影响程度的度量问题,研究了动态系统元器件失效率的重要性分析方法。分析了不确定性情况下动态系统失效概率的特点;依据Borgonovo的矩独立灵敏度分析思想,提出了两种新的矩独立不确定性重要性测度,给出了基于蒙特卡罗数值仿真的一般求解方法,分别用来分析系统工作时间给定和在区间变化两种情况下元器件失效率不确定对系统失效概率分布函数的贡献程度;建立了重要性测度的高效算法,通过稀疏网格积分技术将多元函数的积分问题转化成一元函数积分的张量积组合,通过Edgeworth级数方法将响应量分布函数的求解问题转化为基于其前四阶矩的失效概率估计,从而有效降低了功能函数的调用次数,提高了重要性测度的求解效率。最后,通过两个算例验证了所提方法的合理性和算法的高效性。     

机械螺栓连接状态监测和辨识方法研究进展

螺栓连接广泛存在于机械装配结构中.振动环境下螺栓连接的状态会发生滑动、分离甚至松脱等现象,从而严重影响结构的功能性和安全性.监测和辨识机械螺栓连接的状态是结构健康监测研究的前沿热点.首先,对螺栓连接非线性动力学问题的研究现状进行了分析,指出针对复杂螺栓连接结构的非线性动力学问题的深入研究是建立可靠的状态检测和辨识方法的基础.然后,讨论了基于振动分析的两类结构健康监测方法在机械螺栓连接中的研究进展,重点综述了基于机电阻抗的状态监测方法的原理、应用现状和不足.最后,讨论了基于非线性系统动力学理论的状态监测方法及其在螺栓连接中的研究应用情况,指出了该技术进一步发展应用的若干关键技术.     

Aircraft engine fault detection based on grouped convolutional denoising autoencoders

Many existing aircraft engine fault detection methods are highly dependent on performance deviation data that are provided by the original equipment manufacturer. To improve the independent engine fault detection ability, Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) data can be used. However, owing to the characteristics of high dimension, complex correlations between parameters, and large noise content, it is difficult for existing methods to detect faults effectively by using ACARS data. To solve this problem, a novel engine fault detection method based on original ACARS data is proposed. First, inspired by computer vision methods, all variables were divided into separated groups according to their correlations. Then, an improved convolutional denoising autoencoder was used to extract the features of each group. Finally, all of the extracted features were fused to form feature vectors. Thereby, fault samples could be identified based on these feature vectors. Experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method and other competing methods by considering real ACARS data as the data source. The results reveal the good performance of our method with regard to comprehensive fault detection and robustness. Additionally, the computational and time costs of our method are shown to be relatively low.     

State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle

New energy sources such as solar energy and hydrogen energy have been applied to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), which could be formed as the hybrid power sources due to the requirement of miniaturization, lightweight, and environmental protection issue for UAV. Hybrid electrical propulsion technology has been used in UAV and it further enforces this trend for the evolution to the Hybrid-Powered System(HPS). In order to realize long endurance flight mission and improve the energy efficiency of UAV, many researching works are focused on the Energy Management Strategy(EMS) of the HPS with digital simulation, ground demonstration platforms and a few flight tests for the UAV in recent years. energy management strategy, in which off-line or on-line control algorithms acted as the core part, could optimize dynamic electrical power distribution further and directly affect the efficiency and fuel economy of hybrid-powered system onboard.In order to give the guideline for this emerging technology for UAV, this paper presents a review of the topic highlighting energy optimal management strategies of UAV. The characteristics of typical new energy sources applied in UAV are summarized firstly, and then the classification and analysis of the architecture for hybrid power systems in UAV are presented. In the context of new energy sources and configuration of energy system, a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the state of art of EMS are presented, and the various levels of complexity and accuracy of EMS are considered in terms of real time, computational burden and optimization performance based on the optimal control and operational modes of UAV. Finally, the tendency and challenges of energy management strategy applied to the UAV have been forecasted.     

Kinematics-based four-state trajectory tracking control of a spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum

Spherical mobile robot has compact structure, remarkable stability, and flexible motion,which make it have many advantages over traditional mobile robots when applied in those unmanned environments, such as outer planets. However, spherical mobile robot is a special highly under-actuated nonholonomic system, which cannot be transformed to the classic chained form. At present, there has not been a kinematics-based trajectory tracking controller which could track both the position states and the attitude states of a spherical mobile robot. In this paper, the four-state(two position states and two attitude states) trajectory tracking control of a type of spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum was studied. A controller based on the shunting model of neurodynamics and the kinematic model was deduced, and its stability was demonstrated with Lyapunov's direct method. The control priorities of the four states were allocated according to the magnification of each state tracking error in order to firstly ensure the correct tracking of the position states. The outputs(motor speeds) of the controller were regulated according to the maximum speeds and the maximum accelerations of the actuation motors in order to solve the speed jump problem caused by initial state errors, and continuous and bounded outputs were obtained. The effectiveness including the anti-interference ability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller was verified through MATLAB simulations.     

多体机械系统的建模、控制与容错

多体机械系统是近年来控制领域研究的难点。本文首先介绍了多体机械系统的结构和基本特性。其次,总结了近年来多体机械系统动力学常用的建模方法,分析了各种建模方案的优缺点。进一步介绍了近年来针对多体机械系统所采用的不同控制方法。最后,列举了容错控制在多体机械系统中的应用,并对多体机械系统控制未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

复合相变热沉在电子设备热管理中的应用

某些特殊电子设备的短时高功耗运行往往会引起急剧温升,进而导致设备失效。文章采用膨胀石墨/高碳醇复合相变材料(PCM)作为热沉,针对某高功耗模块进行了散热仿真,并与传统铝热沉进行了对比,结果表明无主动散热平台下PCM热沉显著优于铝热沉。同工况温箱实验进一步验证相变热沉散热特性,并与仿真结果进行对比,结果表明实验结果与仿真结果具有一致的温度变化趋势,但由于相变温度范围的差异导致不同时间段温升速率不同。分析了二者的差异及原因,为严酷条件下应用相变材料进行热设计和热管理提供参考。     

月球无人采样返回探测器一体化热管理方案

针对我国首个月球无人采样返回探测器"嫦娥五号"所面临的散热难题,在调研国外月球采样返回探测器热控方案的基础上,通过论证提出一种"泵驱小型单相流体回路热总线+水升华器"的一体化热管理方案。该方案能够实现"嫦娥五号"着陆器、上升器热量与热沉的综合管理与利用;同时在国内首次将高适应能力主动热控体系结构应用到深空探测航天器中,推动了我国深空探测航天器热控技术的跨越式发展。