内冷通道带肋和出流孔壁面的换热研究

采用热色液晶瞬态测量技术对带有肋和单排出流孔的内流通道进行了换热实验研究.实验在主流雷诺数Re为20000～80000和出流比Br为0.30～0.60情况下,测量了通道内全表面换热系数分布,重点分析了主流雷诺数和出流比对换热的影响.实验结果显示:①出流孔附近区域的换热得到强化;肋前的换热系数大于肋后的换热系数;②出流比和雷诺数的改变对全表面的换热分布规律影响不大;③在本实验的参数范围下,出流比的增加对全表面的换热系数和换热增强程度基本没什么影响;雷诺数的增加使得全表面的换热系数增大,换热增强程度减弱.      

应用红外热像技术实验研究层板结构冷却特性

在高温热风洞中,应用红外热像系统对三个具有真实燃气轮机尺度的层板结构进行了冷却特性实验研究.为了描述冲击、对流及导热的综合作用,采用数字图像信号运算技术,直接获得描述冷却前后层板高温表面二维温差分布.通过比较三种层板结构综合冷却效率,详细讨论了绕流柱数目及直径、气膜孔角度、主流雷诺数和努塞尔数对层板冷却效率的影响.      

小孔喷丸强化工艺试验研究

依托试验研究,对航空零件喷丸强化技术的应用范围做出了有限的扩大。试验过程中,采用了遮蔽试片的方法,解决了小于试片尺寸的小孔表面喷丸强化的测定难题,通过大量的工艺试验,获得了合理的工艺参数,为零构件小孔的喷丸强化提供了基础。该试验的成功使得零件加工过程中将小孔喷丸应用范围扩大至Ф14．2,进一步拓展了喷丸工艺应用范围,为以后产品加工中小孔喷丸强化工艺的选取打下了基础。     

双出口气膜孔冷却效率实验

为了进一步理解双出口气膜孔的冷却特性,建立了气膜冷却效率实验台,通过红外测温技术研究了圆孔和4个不同次孔方位角的双出口孔在吹风比为0.3~2.0时的冷却效率.结果表明:和圆孔相比,次孔方位角为30°,45°,60°双出口孔能提高面平均冷却效率18%~37%.次孔方位角为30°双出口孔在低吹风比下提高冷却效率最显著,次孔方位角为60°双出口孔在高吹风比下提高冷却效率最显著.在研究的吹风比范围内,次孔方位角为45°双出口孔都能较显著地提高冷却效率,次孔方位角为75°双出口孔冷却效率低于圆孔冷却效率.     

Short term topological changes of coronal holes associated with prominence eruptions and subsequent CMEs

We study the short-term topological changes of equatorial and polar coronal hole (CH) boundaries, such as a variation of their area and disintegration, associated to reconnection with nearby (within 15° distance) quiescent prominence magnetic fields leading to eruptions and subsequent Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). The examples presented here correspond to the recent solar minimum years 2008 and 2009. We consider a temporal window of one day between the CH topological changes and the start and end times of prominence eruptions and onset of CMEs. To establish this association we took into account observational conditions related to the instability of prominence/filaments, the occurrence of a CME, as well as the subsequent evolution after the CME. We found an association between short-term local topological changes in CH boundaries and the formation/disappearance of bright points near them, as well as, between short-term topological changes within the whole CH and eruptions of nearby quiescent prominences followed by the appearance of one or more CMEs.     

航天用碳纳米管增强铝合金复合材料的力学与阻尼性能

碳纳米管(CNT)作为增强体的铝基复合材料(CNT/Al)具有轻质、高强、高模量、易加工的性能优势,用作轻量化材料在航天航空领域具有巨大的应用前景。为了获得兼顾其力学性能和阻尼性能的轻量化结构材料,采用叠片粉末冶金与合金化方法制备了质量分数为1.5% CNT/2A12复合材料,并研究了不同时效条件下的力学性能与阻尼性能。在130 ℃时效6~14 h时,复合材料具有最佳的拉伸强度与延伸率,抗拉强度最高可达595 MPa(时效12 h),延伸率最高可达14.0%(时效8 h)。复合材料的阻尼在0~180 ℃时变化不大,其在0.005左右,180~300 ℃时明显提高,300 ℃时可达0.05,阻尼性能受时效时间影响不大。复合材料的储存模量随测试温度升高而下降,在180~300 ℃时随振动频率升高而升高。时效条件为130 ℃-8 h时,质量分数1.5% CNT/2A12复合材料性能兼具良好的力学性能与阻尼性能。     

Improvement on shaped-hole film cooling effectiveness by integrating upstream sand-dune-shaped ramps

A numerical investigation and experimental validation is performed to address deeper insights into the combined effect of shaped holes and Sand-Dune-shaped upstream Ramp (SDR) on enhancing the film cooling effectiveness, under a wide blowing ratio range (M = 0.25–1.5). Three kinds of holes (Cylindrical Hole (CH), Fan-Shaped Hole (FSH), and Crater-Shaped Hole (CSH)) are taken into consideration. The SDR shows an inherent affecting mechanism on the mutual interaction of jet-in-crossflow. It aggravates the lateral spreading of cooling jet and thus improves the film cooling uniformity significantly, regardless of film-hole shape and blowing ratio. When the blowing ratio is beyond 1.0, the combined effect of shaped holes and SDR on improving film cooling effectiveness behaves more significantly. It is suggested that FSH-SDR is a most favorable film cooling scheme. For FSH-SDR case, the spatially-averaged film cooling effectiveness is increased monotonously with the increase of blowing ratio, among the present bowing ratio range.     

具有电磁约束阻尼层梁的振动主动控制研究计算(英文)

This paper investigates vibration control of beam through electro-magnetic constrained layer damping （EMCLD） which consists of electromagnet layer, permanent magnet layer and viscoelastic damping layer. When the coil of the electromagnet is electrified with proper control strategy, the electromagnet can exert magnetic force opposite to the direction of structural deformation so that the structural vibration is attenuated. A mathematical model is developed based on the equivalent current method to calculate the electromagnetic control force produced by EMCLD. The governing equations of the system are obtained using Hamilton＇s Principle and then reduced with the assumed-mode method. A simulation on vibration control of a cantilever beam is conducted under the velocity proportional feedback to demonstrate the energy dissipation capability of EMCLD, and the beam system with the same parameter is experimented. The results of experiment and simulation are compared and the results show that the EMCLD is an effective means for suppressing modal vibration. The results also indicate that the beam system has better control performance for larger control current. The EMCLD method presented in this paper provides an applicable and efficient tool for the vibration control of structures.     

带冠涡轮叶片干摩擦阻尼减振试验研究

为验证某型真实带冠涡轮叶片叶冠干摩擦阻尼减振效果,本文建立了可实现正压力连续调节的非旋转状态涡轮叶片试验系统,对不同接触紧度、不同接触角度的真实带冠涡轮叶片的振动响应进行了测试。通过试验分析了叶冠接触面紧度、接触角度等重要参数对带冠叶片振动特性和减振效果的影响规律,结果表明：带冠涡轮叶片出现了明显的非线性现象,同时存在一个最优的接触紧度使得该带冠涡轮叶片的减振效果最佳。接触角度的选取应综合考虑叶冠振动能量的消耗能力和带冠涡轮叶片共振频率的稳定性。     

组合弹性支承结构的设计与试验研究

组合弹性支承是鼠笼式弹性支承加弹性环（内部充油）的一种支承结构形式,鼠笼起调整支承刚度和定心弹簧的作用;而滑油在压力的作用下,通过弹性环上的阻尼孔,产生节流损失,以提供支承的阻尼。本项研究从影响支承动力特性的各种因素着手,开展设计及试验验证。试验表明,该弹性支承既能起到良好的调频和减振效果,又能起到良好的定心作用。