Scaling effects on combustion modes in a single-side expansion kerosene-fueled scramjet combustor

The combustion modes in two different scramjet combustors with the mass flow rates of 1.8 kg/s and 3.6 kg/s are experimentally investigated to explore the scaling effects on supersonic combustion with a Mach number 2.0 inflow. It is found that the scramjet combustor with a larger scale can broaden the flame rich blowout limit. As the Equivalence Ratio (ER) increases, the combustion in the small-scale combustor maintains in the cavity-stabilized mode, and the flamebase moves downstream along the cavity shear layer; however, the combustion in the large-scale combustor gradually transfers from the cavity-stabilized mode to the jet-wake-stabilized mode. The differences in the cavity residence time, the ignition delay time and the Damkohler number caused by different scales of the scramjet combustor are likely to account for the scaling effects on the combustion modes.     

Aeroelastic prediction and analysis for a transonic fan rotor with the “hot” blade shape

This paper focuses on aeroelastic prediction and analysis for a transonic fan rotor with only its “hot” (running) blade shape available, which is often the case in practical engineering such as in the design stage. Based on an in-house and well-validated CFD solver and a hybrid structural finite element modeling/modal approach, three main aspects are considered with special emphasis on dealing with the “hot” blade shape. First, static aeroelastic analysis is presented for shape transformation between “cold” (manufacturing) and “hot” blades, and influence of the dynamic variation of “hot” shape on evaluated aerodynamic performance is investigated. Second, implementation of the energy method for flutter prediction is given and both a regularly used fixed “hot” shape and a variable “hot” shape are considered. Through comparison, influence of the dynamic variation of “hot” shape on evaluated aeroelastic stability is also investigated. Third, another common way to predict flutter, time-domain method, is used for the same concerned case, from which the predicted flutter characteristics are compared with those from the energy method. A well-publicized axial-flow transonic fan rotor, Rotor 67, is selected as a typical example, and the corresponding numerical results and discussions are presented in detail.     

弧齿锥齿轮齿面曲率干涉判断方法与实验验证

提出一种基于齿面拓扑结构的齿面曲率干涉判断方法,通过构造两齿面拓扑偏差判断齿面曲率干涉.这种方法不仅可以直观地判断是否发生齿面曲率干涉,而且可以对其实际啮合位置进行预判.对一对弧齿锥齿轮齿面曲率干涉进行了计算,分析结果显示小轮工作面大端、小端和齿顶曲率干涉,齿面印痕应位于大端和小端,小轮非工作面齿顶曲率干涉.在数控铣齿机加工该弧齿锥齿轮副并检测齿面印痕,工作面齿面印痕位于小轮大端和小端,非工作面小轮齿顶出现了齿顶接触的现象,检测结果与该方法预判结果一致.      

横截面形状对超声速磁流体发生器性能的影响

通过三维数值模拟研究了不同横截面形状的磁流体(MHD)发生器的热、电磁流动特性,发生器入口采用超声速来流条件,旨在应用于磁流体旁路超燃冲压发动机推进系统。数值模拟采用低磁雷诺数下磁流体五方程模型,通过熵条件格式和超松弛迭代(SOR)法联合算法分别求解Navier-Stokes方程组和电势方程。研究表明在电极壁面上电场、电流以及洛伦兹力等电磁场参数呈周期性变化,由于电极端点效应,电磁场参数在电极端点出现周期性的极值,而在管道中心电极端点效应对电流影响并不大,沿着流向电流保持连续变化。对不同管道横截面形状的发生器的数值模拟表明:由于涡电流和二次流效应的影响,形状参数较小的发生器焦耳热较为严重,二次流较弱;而形状参数较大的发生器焦耳热较小,二次流增强。因此,当形状参数α=0.8时可获得较好的焓提取率和电效率。     

模型预混燃烧室线性稳定性分析

针对钝体火焰稳定器结构的模型预混燃烧室进行了线性稳定性分析.利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件求解了三维Helmoholtz方程,方程的源项为耦合指数-延迟时间模型.对模型预混燃烧室进行非定常计算得到了化学反应速率的周期性变化,确定了非定常热释放发生在火焰的尖端.由压力和温度信号的相位差得到了当量比为0.72,0.8,0.88,0.97四个工况的延迟时间,分别为0.6,0.3,0.9,0.6ms.线性稳定性分析得到了模型预混燃烧室系统纵向模态频率的实部和虚部,当虚部为负数时表示线性不稳定.结果显示:系统的前5阶纵向模态中,2~4阶是线性不稳定的.其中3阶纵向模态的虚部绝对值最大,它的物理意义是对小扰动的增长率最大.因此在有扰动时,3阶纵向模态最有可能线性失稳,产生燃烧不稳定性现象.      

Optimal spacecraft formation establishment and reconfiguration propelled by the geomagnetic Lorentz force

The Lorentz force acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through the planetary magnetic field could be utilized as propellantless electromagnetic propulsion for orbital maneuvering, such as spacecraft formation establishment and formation reconfiguration. By assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field could be modeled as a tilted dipole located at the center of Earth that corotates with Earth, a dynamical model that describes the relative orbital motion of Lorentz spacecraft is developed. Based on the proposed dynamical model, the energy-optimal open-loop trajectories of control inputs, namely, the required specific charges of Lorentz spacecraft, for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration problems with both fixed and free final conditions constraints are derived via Gauss pseudospectral method. The effect of the magnetic dipole tilt angle on the optimal control inputs and the relative transfer trajectories for formation establishment or reconfiguration is also investigated by comparisons with the results derived from a nontilted dipole model. Furthermore, a closed-loop integral sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee the trajectory tracking in the presence of external disturbances and modeling errors. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by a Lyapunov-based approach. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the validity of the proposed open-loop control methods and demonstrate the performance of the closed-loop controller. Also, the results indicate the dipole tilt angle should be considered when designing control strategies for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration.     

基于无速度测量的无拖曳卫星自适应控制方法

为了实现无拖曳（Drag Free）卫星中卫星本体对内部质量块的高精度跟踪,首先推导了近地环境下卫星与质量块的相对运动动力学方程,并分析了影响二者相对运动的主要干扰源。针对位移模式单质量块Drag Free卫星只能获取质量块与卫星相对位置测量,设计了自适应控制器,适用于卫星质量和空间干扰为定常或慢变未知量的情况,且在卫星质量和外部干扰为未知常值的假设下,控制器能够保证卫星对质量块跟踪误差的全局渐近收敛。最后给出了仿真场景以说明本文方法的有效性。     

激光模式对典型金属材料烧蚀影响的数值模拟研究

利用自编的LAMP程序计算了铝、镁和钛等3种金属材料的激光烧蚀温度场,重点分析了激光作用模式对烧蚀效果的影响,并考虑了材料表面反射系数随温度变化的情况。计算结果表明,对于同样的金属靶,当光斑和激光平均功率相同时,重频频率小、占空比小的激光烧蚀贯穿靶所需的时间最少。     

一种使用RBF网络的自适应滑模控制器

针对实际系统易受未知非线性、外界干扰和参数摄动等不确定因素影响的问题,以高精度模拟转台为例,采用一种基于RBF(Radial Basis Function)网络的自适应滑模控制器.控制器由名义反馈控制器和滑模干扰补偿器两个子系统组成.反馈控制器通过极点配置的方法实现,用来稳定名义系统.干扰补偿器使用一个自适应RBF网络在线辨识不确定性的上界值.计算机仿真结果表明了该法的鲁棒性和有效性.     

基于火焰图像诊断的模型燃烧室燃烧不稳定特性

提出了一种基于火焰图像诊断的旋流燃烧室燃烧不稳定特性研究方法。分析甲基滤镜下高速CCD （charge coupled device）拍摄的火焰面振荡图像,发现不稳定工况下的旋流火焰在以较高频率抖动的同时伴随着周期性的火焰脱落,其脱落信息可由火焰面轴向峰值位置体现。对CCD图像进行数字图像处理获得轮廓线,统计其边缘轴向最远处坐标作为火焰抖动峰值位置。基于图像分析确定火焰脱落阈值,获得不同工况下火焰脱落发生时的脉冲时序信号,统计得各工况火焰脱落频率。研究发现该频率分别与火焰抖动时序、CH^*时序及燃烧室压力脉动时序信号各自3阶本征模态函数的傅里叶谱主峰值接近。在多工况下研究了不稳定火焰脱离频率在时序信号中的存在方式和规律,发现对于本模型燃烧室,火焰脱落频率随着油气比的降低而升高,在油气比约0.0096处到达火焰脱落频率临界点,之后呈现缓慢下降趋势。