1700℃有氧环境下高超声速飞行器轻质防热材料隔热性能试验研究

文章针对高超声速飞行器需面临极端高温有氧热环境以及舱体表面单侧面受热的特点,建立了由硅钼发热体作为热源的红外辐射式超高温、时变、单侧面加热试验测试系统,开展了高达1700℃的有氧环境下高超声速飞行器轻质防热材料的隔热性能试验。另外,为了研究和优选高效隔热方式,对高超声速飞行器用单层轻质陶瓷隔热材料和陶瓷/纳米材料叠层复合结构在1700℃高温有氧环境下的隔热特性进行了试验测试;通过试验结果的对比分析,发现陶瓷/纳米材料复合叠层结构比单层轻质陶瓷材料的隔热效果提高近50%。     

RBCC发动机主被动复合热防护方案研究

随着对RBCC发动机研究的不断深入,热防护问题已经成为其走向工程应用的关键之一,本文针对RBCC发动机开展了热防护方案的研究。首先,采用数值模拟对RBCC发动机各模态下的热环境进行了分析;然后,进行了RBCC热防护方案的论证,认为目前材料和技术水平下全主动和全被动方案很难满足RBCC热防护的要求;在此基础上,提出了一种主被动相结合的复合热防护方案,并完成了复合热防护方案的设计。该方案内壁整体采用C/Si C陶瓷基复合材料,在受热比较严重的部位加装再生冷却模块,较好地解决了RBCC发动机冷却剂流量不够的问题。通过对方案的校核计算表明,该方案可满足长时间工作RBCC的热防护需要。     

A novel model-based multivariable framework for aircraft gas turbine engine limit protection control

Control technologies are innovated to satisfy increasingly complicated control demands of gas turbine engines. In terms of limit protection control, a novel model-based multivariable limit protection control method, which is achieved by adaptive command reconstruction and multiple-control loop selection and switch logic, is proposed in this paper to address the problem of balancing smaller thrust loss and safe operations by comparing with widely-used Min-Max logic. Five different combination modes of control loops, which represent the online control loop of last time instant and that of current time instant, is analyzed. Different command reconstructions are designed for these modes, which is based on static gain conversion of amplitude beyond limits by using an onboard model. The double-prediction based control loop selection and switch logic is developed to choose a control loop appropriately by comparing converted amplitude beyond limits regardless of one or more parameters tending to exceed limits. The proposed method is implemented in a twin-spool turbofan engine to achieve limit protection with direct thrust control, and the loss of thrust is improved by about 30% in comparison with the loss of thrust caused by Min-Max logic when limit protection control is activated, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

空间用固态限流保护电路的小型化设计与实现

设计了一款采用指令控制模式且具有通断指示和限流保护调节功能的固态限流保护电路,可替代空间电源母线中的熔断器,用于浪涌电流抑制和负载过流保护。为满足产品的小型化设计需求,电路采用厚膜工艺布局布线,微组装技术生产制造。通过电路仿真、版图设计及应用测试,电路性能满足设计要求,且产品尺寸仅为25mm×23mm×55mm,在小型化设计方面具有显著优势,作为新兴的固态配电保护产品在空间供配电系统中具有良好的应用前景。     

高温热管技术研究进展与展望

高温热管的工作温度高,传热性能好,在高超声速飞行器热防护、空间核反应堆冷却、太阳能利用等方面具有广阔的应用前景。报告了高温热管技术的研究现状,包括高温热管的冷冻启动特性研究、传热性能研究、试验研究、数值分析研究;介绍了放置倾角、工质物性参数、工质充装量、不凝气体含量、材料、结构和尺寸等因素对高温热管启动和传热性能的影响规律,以及高温热管技术在高超声速飞行器热防护、空间核反应堆冷却、太阳能利用等方面的应用研究等;指出了高温热管数值分析模型和工程应用验证等一系列有待深化研究的方向;提出了进一步深入研究高温热管技术的详细建议。     

应用于空间微生物防护的多尺度杂化抗菌剂研究

由于航天员的参与,载人航天活动中难以避免微生物防护的问题,而航天器环境密闭、空间狭小,难以采用地面常用的喷洒一次性有机消毒剂、紫外线杀菌等方式进行微生物防护。通过采用无机抗菌剂,结合纳米技术和杂化结构耦合所产生的协同作用来获得综合性能优异的无机抗菌剂,并采用适当的技术将其应用到航天器上是一种可行的办法。通过热分解前驱体和还原金属离子的方法分别在T-ZnO和CNTs上杂化纳米银和纳米铜,获得了多尺度纳米杂化抗菌剂。采用表面涂覆、浸渍和挤压法及活化接枝的方法分别探究了纳米抗菌剂在铝合金、芳纶布和树脂等材料中的应用。3种基体材料经抗菌改性后对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抗菌率都可达到99.9%,对黑曲霉及其孢子的防霉等级都达到了0级,而且改性后的材料具有很好的耐老化、耐水性及良好的耐擦洗性能。该方法在深空探测活动中的微生物防护方面有很大发展前景。     

Review on active thermal protection and its heat transfer for airbreathing hypersonic vehicles

Hypersonic vehicles with turbojet, ramjet, and scramjet engines are expected to be widely applied to future transportation systems. Due to high-speed flight in the atmosphere, body outer surfaces suffer strong aerodynamic heating, and on the other hand, combustion chamber inter walls are under extremely high temperature and heat flux. Therefore, more efficient and stable active cooling technologies are required in hypersonic vehicles, such as regenerative cooling, film cooling, and transpiration cooling, as well as their combinations. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on three active cooling methods, i.e., regenerative cooling, film cooling, and transpiration cooling, and deeply analyzes the mechanism of each cooling method, including the fluids flow, heat transfer, and thermal cracking characteristics of different hydrocarbon fuels in regenerative cooling, the heat transfer and flow mechanism of film cooling under supersonic mainstream conditions, and the heat transfer and flow mechanism of transpiration cooling.     

Φ1m电弧风洞大尺度防隔热组件烧蚀热结构试验

针对大面积区域高焓、低热流、长时间气动加热环境,对1 m电弧风洞地面模拟试验系统进行了建设与完善,并引入了石英灯辐射辅助加热技术,对400 mm ×400 mm大尺度模型进行了试验,结果表明这种联合加热方式能够有效用于大尺度模型防、隔热及烧蚀热结构性能考核试验研究.     

空间原子氧环境对航天器表面侵蚀效应及防护技术

文章阐述了空间原子氧环境及其对航天器表面的侵蚀机理、损伤效应、防护方法,介绍了北京卫星环境工程研究所在原子氧防护技术研究方面取得的进展。过去5年里,该所采用物理气相沉积、溶胶-凝胶化学等方法制备了原子氧防护涂层,并对涂层样品进行了环境适应性评估试验,获得了初步的研究结果。结果表明这些样品均表现出很好的抗原子氧性能。