New Insights on Geomagnetic Storms from Model Simulations Using Multi-Spacecraft Data

The forecast of the terrestrial ring current as a major contributor to the stormtime Dst index and a predictor of geomagnetic storms is of central interest to ‘space weather’ programs. We thus discuss the dynamical coupling of the solar wind to the Earth's magnetosphere during several geomagnetic storms using our ring current-atmosphere interactions model and coordinated space-borne data sets. Our model calculates the temporal and spatial evolution of H⁺, O⁺, and He⁺ ion distribution functions considering time-dependent inflow from the magnetotail, adiabatic drifts, and outflow from the dayside magnetopause. Losses due to charge exchange, Coulomb collisions, and scattering by EMIC waves are included as well. As initial and boundary conditions we use complementary data sets from spacecraft located at key regions in the inner magnetosphere, Polar and the geosynchronous LANL satellites. We present recent model simulations of the stormtime ring current energization due to the enhanced large-scale convection electric field, which show the transition from an asymmetric to a symmetric ring current during the storm and challenge the standard theories of (a) substorm-driven, and (b) symmetric ring current. Near minimum Dst there is a factor of ∼ 10 variation in the intensity of the dominant ring current ion specie with magnetic local time, its energy density reaching maximum in the premidnight to postmidnight region. We find that the O⁺ content of the ring current increases after interplanetary shocks and reaches largest values near Dst minimum; ∼ 60% of the total ring current energy was carried by O⁺ during the main phase of the 15 July 2000 storm. The effects of magnetospheric convection and losses due to collisions and wave-particle interactions on the global ring current energy balance are calculated during different storm phases and intercompared. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Solar Influences on Dynamical Coupling Between the Stratosphere and Troposphere

We use a simplified atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to investigate the response of the lower atmosphere to thermal perturbations in the lower stratosphere. The results show that generic heating of the lower stratosphere tends to weaken the sub-tropical jets and the tropospheric mean meridional circulations. The positions of the jets, and the extent of the Hadley cells, respond to the distribution of the stratospheric heating, with low latitude heating displacing them poleward, and uniform heating displacing them equatorward. The patterns of response to the low latitude heating are similar to those found to be associated with solar variability in previous observational data analysis, and to the effects of varying solar UV radiation in sophisticated AGCMs. In order to investigate the chain of causality involved in converting the stratospheric thermal forcing to a tropospheric climate signal we conduct an experiment which uses an ensemble of model spin-ups to analyse the time development of the response to an applied stratospheric perturbation. We find that the initial effect of the change in static stability at the tropopause is to reduce the eddy momentum flux convergence in this region. This is followed by a vertical transfer of the momentum forcing anomaly by an anomalous mean circulation to the surface, where it is partly balanced by surface stress anomalies. The unbalanced part drives the evolution of the vertically integrated zonal flow. We conclude that solar heating of the stratosphere may produce changes in the circulation of the troposphere even without any direct forcing below the tropopause. We suggest that the impact of the stratospheric changes on wave propagation is key to the mechanisms involved.     

Commonalities Between Ionosphere and Chromosphere

Three types of processes, occurring in the weakly ionized plasmas of the Earth’s ionosphere as well as in the solar chromosphere, are being compared with each other. The main objective is to elaborate on the differences introduced primarily by the grossly different magnitudes of the densities, both with respect to the neutral and, even more so, to the plasma constituents. This leads to great differences in the momentum coupling from the plasma to the neutral component and becomes clear when considering the direct electric current component transverse to the magnetic field, called “Pedersen current”; in the ionosphere, which has no quasi-static counterpart in the chromosphere. The three classes of processes are related to the dynamical response of the two plasmas to energy influx from below and from above. In the first two cases, the energy is carried by waves. The third class concerns plasma erosion or ablation in the two respective regions in reaction to the injection of high Poynting and/or energetic particle fluxes.     

耦合电感对多路输出电源输出纹波的影响

输出电液脉动是多路输出电源的一个重要性能指标，而耦合电感又是影响多路输出电源输出电流动的关键部件，因此需要研究耦合电感对输出电路脉动的影响，本文以两路输出电源为例，深入分析了耦合电感对输出电流脉动的影响，首先相入简单有效的数学模型，在此基础上给出了耦合电感匝比关系的一般选取原则。然后进一步分析了耦合电感各参数对输出电流脉动的影响，并提出新的调整输出纹波的方法，实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

结构振动分析中的连接子结构

连接元和连接子结构与模态综合技术相结合,能够解决部件间连接比较薄弱、变形不连续结构系统的振动分析问题,子结构间的耦合变换非常简单,连接子结构的刚度系数可用参数识别的方法获取。计算和试验结果表明,这种结构连接方法能达到足够的精度,计算量也较小。     

光纤测振和光探头信号的一些问题

本文介绍了光纤测振的基本原理,推导了理想光脉冲信号的形状和探测几率,其结果可为光源、光纤和叶片之间的匹配提供依据,也可在信号采集和处理中作参考。     

弹性飞行器动态耦合和控制综合研究

研究弹性飞行器的动态耦合问题，首先导出了非定常气动力作用下的弹性飞行器的纵向运动方程。就简化的非定常气动力数学模型提出了分析气动弹性飞行器稳定性的影响方法，而后对弹性飞行器的动态耦合特性提出了定性的分析方法。并从有效抑制飞行器的弹性振动角度，研究了主动反馈控制、操纵面及陀螺位置的合适选择的协同设计问题。     

高阻尼铸铁的机械性能和阻尼性能

论述了高阻尼铁的机械性能和阻尼性能，研究结果表明：高阻尼铸铁的机械性能高于相同碳当量的灰口铸铁，其中，抗拉强度提高４０－１２０ＭＰａ，有的提高１５０ＭＰａ，硬度提高２０－６０ＨＢＳ；高阻尼铸铁的阻尼性能随碳当量的增加而提高，其阻尼性能高于相同碳当量的灰口铸铁，约为灰铸铁的２－３倍。另外，高阻尼铸铁的阻尼性能有温度有关，一般室温的阻尼性能高于高温（１２０℃）时的阻尼性能，从室温到高温，其阻尼性能下降     

基于整体叶盘环形摩擦阻尼器减振分析及设计

为抑制叶片-盘耦合振动,设计了一种适应整体叶盘结构的环形摩擦阻尼器。拓展了1阶谐波平衡法和整体-局部统一滑动模型在带环形摩擦阻尼器的循环对称结构叶盘减振分析中的应用。使用该方法对实际发动机叶盘在简谐激励下的振动响应进行了仿真计算,结果表明:环形摩擦阻尼器对于某发动机叶盘的0节径4阶危险模态振动有明显抑制作用,且减振效果与阻尼器的质量、安装位置有关,在选定的安装位置最高可使振幅降低75%。在阻尼器结构确定的情况下,利用仿真结果给出了最优的设计方案,包括阻尼器的质量和安装设计。     

含中介轴承内圈局部缺陷的双转子系统的组合共振特性

针对航空发动机双转子系统建立简化的动力学模型,在考虑中介轴承非线性Hertz接触力和径向游隙等非线性因素的情况下,将中介轴承内圈局部缺陷模拟成倒置的等腰梯形凹槽,利用4阶Runge-Kutta法进行数值计算,得到系统的分岔图,并着重分析分岔区域的组合共振特性,结果表明：相较于无故障系统,该系统在分岔图上出现三个新的分岔区域,前两个分岔区域是由内圈故障特征频率与高低压转子的转频形成的组合频率诱发的组合共振引起的,第三个是由内圈故障特征频率诱发共振引起的,在分岔区域内,系统运动的周期性的变化规律表现为从近似单周期运动到概周期运动再到近似单周期运动。