多元过程能力指数计算方法的比较研究

对有关多元过程能力指数的研究文献进行了简要梳理与分析,重点研究了4种多元过程能力指数的理论模型与计算方法,分析了4种方法各自的特点与不足,并利用一个经典实例对4种方法的测算结果进行了对比分析.     

现代企业的成本管理研究

本分析了现代企业的特征和传统成本管理模式存在的弊端,提出了现代企业成本管理的构想,即建立以“作业”为基础的成本管理新模式。现代企业的成本管理以“作业”为基础进行管理,就是将作业消耗资源和产品消耗作业有机的结合在一起,确定目标成本,控制与管理成本。高新科学技术越发达,成本管理越重要。     

九自由度运动模拟器相对位置精度分析与指标分解

摘要： 九自由度运动模拟器是标定航天器交会对接GNC子系统中交会对接光学成像敏感器（CRDS）的关键设备,具有较高的相对位置精度要求.以此为出发点,对影响系统综合指标的误差组成进行系统性分析.梳理各误差分量的关系及相互作用原理,建立误差模型,通过对系统综合指标进行合理的分解与分配,最终使九自由度运动模拟器系统精度达到设计要求.     

Sensor calibration impacts on dust detection based on MODIS and VIIRS thermal emissive bands

Dust detection using remotely sensed measurements has been one of the challenging problems encountered by atmospheric scientists. MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms have been a versatile sensor for well over 21 and 18 years respectively, and have been extremely useful in the retrieval of aerosol information over the entire globe. The MODIS radiances from the Level 1B in general are expected to be within 5% accuracy in the reflective wavelengths and within 1% in the thermal emissive wavelengths. In this paper, we evaluate the sensitivity of previously developed dust detection technique based on thermal emissive wavelengths, which correspond to MODIS bands 20, 29, 31, and 32 respectively. The Thermal Emissive Dust Index (TEDI) performed very comparably to the traditional Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) retrievals by MODIS reflective channels. Since the MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) are well calibrated on-orbit using a BlackBody (BB) source, the calibration of these long wave infrared bands is quite robust. As A-MODIS continues to perform well beyond its designed lifetime of 6 years, the instrument has undergone various levels of degradation during its mission time. As a consequence, it is imperative to check the impacts of calibration on the higher-level retrievals. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the sensitivity of TEDI due to the impact of calibration by the afore-mentioned TEB. The perturbation of the dominant (linear) calibration term demonstrated the following: first, there was a correlation in the sensitivity of the TEDI due to the uncertainty in the linear calibration term. Based on a perturbation in the linear calibration term for all aforementioned bands over a range of ±5% yielded the TEDI sensitivity to vary from approximately ?3.2% to about ?3.6%. When considering the uncertainty in each individual band significant changes were observed. The least change was observed for the perturbation in the calibration of band 20 with the TEDI sensitivity and the largest sensitivity in TEDI was observed in the perturbation of band 31 calibration. Thus, in the case of TEDI, noticeable sensitivity due to calibration uncertainty was observed in bands 29, 31, and 32, reiterating the importance of the TEB calibration in these bands. Also, the dust detection scheme based on A-MODIS was successfully transferred to the follow-on sensors such as Suomi (SNPP) and NOAA 20 (N20) VIIRS. The results presented in this paper would be extremely helpful in understanding impacts of calibration on the higher-level products for both current and future missions based on the MODIS heritage. Finally, the work also identifies the importance of radiometric fidelity in maintaining the accuracy of the dust detection. Results presented will show drastic improvement of the Saharan dust detection after the reduction of the electronic crosstalk in the 8.5 µm channel of T-MODIS.     

改进暗通道遥感影像去雾方法及效果分析

遥感影像的预处理工作是遥感数据应用的基础。去除云雾是影像预处理工作的重要组成部分。针对遥感影像雾霾浓度分布不均匀的问题,提出一种改进的暗通道遥感影像去雾方法。以"高分一号"(GF-1)卫星为例,根据影像灰度图中的灰度值对影像雾霾浓度区域进行划分,对每个区域中暗原色值的获取方式进行改进,使用导向滤波优化大气传输率,以归一化植被指数(NDVI)为基础,设计用于评价影像去雾质量的定量指标。结果表明:所提出的方法能明显去除雾霾干扰,有效改善卫星影像数据的视觉效果,增强影像细节。该方法去雾处理后的遥感数据能应用于定量遥感,提高遥感影像的可用性及有效性。     

基于HyperFLOW平台的客机标模CHN-T1气动性能预测及可信度研究

近年来,针对实际飞行器外形的CFD气动性能预测及可信度研究逐步得到重视,国内也召开了第一届航空CFD可信度研讨会(AeCW-1)。本文首先基于自主研发的CFD软件平台HyperFLOW对NACA0012翼型低速绕流进行了网格收敛性研究,验证了软件对简单湍流问题的模拟能力且具备良好的网格收敛性。其次,针对AeCW-1提供的客机标模CHN-T1,选用其中的两个算例:(1)定升力系数的网格收敛性研究;(2)考虑模型支撑和模型静气动弹性变形的抖振特性研究,研究了计算结果的网格收敛性及模型支撑、静气动弹性变形和湍流模型等对气动特性预测精度的影响。结果表明:观测精度阶和网格收敛性指数显示数值结果具有良好的网格收敛性和可信度;是否考虑模型支撑对力矩的预测精度影响较大,引入尾撑和弹性变形后,数值结果与实验结果吻合较好;对于CHN-T1标模,采用QCR关系式对原始SA模型进行修正对标模力矩特性有一定影响。     

Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

倾转旋翼机动态倾转过渡过程的操纵策略优化

利用最优控制方法研究倾转旋翼机的最优动态倾转过渡过程,并得到最优操纵策略,使得由时间、姿态角变化以及驾驶员工作负荷等组成的性能指标达到最小。首先,在基本纵向刚体飞行动力学模型的基础上引入混合操纵方程,并使用杆量位移的一阶导数作为控制量,形成适用于计算倾转旋翼机动态倾转过渡过程的飞行动力学模型,从而能在动态倾转操纵策略优化过程中考虑到操纵系统特性对操纵量变化速度的限制,以及避免操纵量在优化过程中出现跳跃不连续。然后,将倾转旋翼机的最优动态倾转过渡过程转化为非线性动态最优控制问题,建立合理的性能指标,并采用直接转换法和序列二次规划算法进行求解。最后,以XV-15倾转旋翼机为样机,分别计算正向和逆向最优动态倾转过渡过程,并与驾驶员飞行仿真数据进行对比。结果表明:飞行状态量的时间历程与文献吻合地较好,且俯仰姿态角和杆量位移变化更加柔和。最优控制方法可以用于研究倾转旋翼机的最优动态倾转过渡过程。     

氢气和过氧化氢对正癸烷燃烧特性影响的对比

氢气(H2)和过氧化氢(H2O2)具有较强的反应活性,能够增强碳氢燃料的燃烧过程。为了探究添加液态氢和液态过氧化氢对航空燃油燃烧特性的影响,以正癸烷为代理燃料,采用数值模拟方法对比研究了H2和H2O2对正癸烷/空气燃烧特性的影响。研究发现,随着H2O2的增加,点火延迟时间显著缩短;而随着H2的增加,初始温度为1100 K时,点火延迟时间基本不变,在初始温度为1600 K时点火延迟时间略有缩短。随着H2O2的增加,层流火焰速度有所提升,而H2添加量对层流火焰速度的提高相对而言较小。富油燃烧时,CO排放指数随H2O2和H2的增加有所降低,NO排放指数有所增长。低压贫油燃烧时,H2O2和H2添加量对CO和NO排放指数基本没有影响;高压贫油燃烧时CO排放指数有所降低,NO排放指数有所提高,H2O2添加量的影响更加显著。      

宽体客机新开航线需求分析方法研究

宽体客机国际航线开辟对航空公司运营影响很大,其中新开航线市场需求分析是难点。从市场需求角度研究宽体客机新航线开拓,依据O&D理念分析市场需求,建立从机场服务半径开始,借助引力模型和服务质量指数模型,并以旅客溢出结束的完整宽体客机新开航线市场需求分析系列模型。最后用实际航线案例验证该模型的可信度和可行性。