冷却塔群塔刚体测压试验研究

在考虑冷却塔群塔和周围复杂建筑物场地条件下,通过冷却塔表面刚体测压试验,研究了双曲线型圆截面冷却塔表面雷诺数效应模拟、冷却塔表面气动压力分布特征;基于等效阻力系数表达式,研究了几种典型多塔组合工程场地条件下,群塔相对于单塔的等效风荷载比例系数,并进一步分析了冷却塔在最不利吹风工况中,位移、主拉、压应力分布关系.     

CAD技术在牙齿上下颌模型虚拟对位中的应用

采用上下颌模型牙尖交错牙合的虚拟对位技术,解决了在口外获取缺牙对颌牙牙合面三维数据的问题。首先通过构造圆柱面上点的高斯图和任意采样的方法,计算出简单牙合架转动轴线方程。然后鉴于牙合面结构的复杂性和非凸性,引入了一种基于图像的快速碰撞检测方法,用于检查上下颌牙齿的对位情况。该方法通过在上颌左右第一磨牙近中舌尖处建立透视视景体,利用O penGL的选择模式,可以实时地检测下颌模型绕牙合架转动轴线旋转过程中与上颌模型碰撞对位情况,效率很高。最终建立了上下颌全牙列牙尖交错位的牙合面间关系,为缺牙牙合面虚拟咬合调整初步奠定了基础。     

高压涡轮动叶内部冷却结构的改进设计

对某型高压涡轮动叶的内部冷却结构进行了详细的分析,提出了具体的改进方案,并利用有限元方法对改进前后的方案进行了叶片温度分布计算分析。结果表明,在相同冷却空气流量比的条件下,叶片尖截面表面最高温度降低了33°C,截面温差减小了131°C,改进效果明显。同时,改进后的冷却结构有效降低了叶片进口压力,提高了预旋喷嘴压比,减轻了高压涡轮转子的重量,达到了增加发动机推重比,减少冷却空气泄漏量,改善发动机性能的目的。     

扇形叶栅通道中密度比和流量比对叶片表面全气膜冷却特性的影响

为了研究扇形通道中真实三维弯扭导向叶片全气膜冷却特性,本文采用压敏漆(PSP)测试技术实验测量了叶片全气膜冷却效率,获得了不同密度比(1、1.5)和质量流量比(9.71%、11.64%、12.47%)对叶片全气膜冷却效率的影响规律,结果表明：低密度比条件下,随着出流比增加,叶片压力面侧气膜冷却效率逐渐增加,叶片吸力面侧靠近前缘区域气膜孔下游的冷却效率减小；密度比增加可以使叶片整体气膜冷却效率提高,其中压力面前侧靠近前缘区域的冷却效率提高最为明显,最多提高了182%；高密度比条件下,增加出流比仅会使得压力面侧-0.8< S/C <0气膜冷却效率小幅度增加。     

Experimental investigation on operating behaviors of loop heat pipe with thermoelectric cooler under acceleration conditions

An experimental study was carried out in this article to investigate the transient operating performance of a Dual Compensation Chamber Loop Heat Pipe (DCCLHP) with Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) under acceleration conditions and ammonia was selected as the working fluid. For the purpose of comparison, experimental work was conducted under terrestrial gravity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the effect of several control parameters such as the heat load, acceleration magnitude and TEC assist on the startup and operating performance of the DCCLHP. Experimental results indicate that the DCCLHP can get to a steady-state operation when the heat load changes from 25 W to 300 W under terrestrial gravity. While under acceleration conditions, the DCCLHP can work at a high operating temperature or even fail to operate, which shows the acceleration effect plays a significant impact on the loop operation. The TEC assist with power of 10 W can improve the operating performance and reduce the operating temperature for the case of small heat load and acceleration magnitude. When the acceleration exceeds 3g at large heat load, the effect of TEC assist on the operation at large heat load can be ignored.     

Damage localization effects of the regeneratively-cooled thrust chamber wall in LOX/methane rocket engines

To investigate the damage localization effects of the thrust chamber wall caused by combustions in LOX/methane rocket engines, a fluid-structural coupling computational methodology with a multi-channel model is developed to obtain 3-demensioanl thermal and structural responses. Heat and mechanical loads are calculated by a validated finite volume fluid-thermal coupling numerical method considering non-premixed combustion processes of propellants. The methodology is subsequently performed on an LOX/methane thrust chamber under cyclic operation. Results show that the heat loads of the thrust chamber wall are apparently non-uniform in the circumferential direction. There are noticeable disparities between different cooling channels in terms of temperature and strain distributions at the end of the hot run phase, which in turn leads to different temperature ranges, strain ranges, and residual strains during one cycle. With the work cycle proceeding, the circumferential localization effect of the residual strain would be significantly enhanced. A post-processing damage analysis reveals that the low-cycle fatigue damage accumulated in each cycle is almost unchanged, while the quasi static damage accumulated in a considered cycle declines until stabilized after several cycles. The maximum discrepancy of the predicted lives between different cooling channels is about 30%.     

旋转蛇形通道内换热的非稳态实验

在旋转状态下,研究了涡轮内冷蛇形通道的非稳态换热特性.实验主要针对旋转状态下,通道内流量的变化和系统旋转速度的变化来进行的.结果表明:对于旋转通道的非稳态过程,换热系数的变化呈波动变化过程,且主要发生在实验参数变化的阶段.加速旋转时,角加速度力的作用会加强进气通道前缘面的换热,而降低后缘面的;减速旋转时,情况相反.而且,角加速度力的作用效果容易在旋转开始变化的时刻显现.当旋转速度在2个值之间往复时,换热系数变化呈现滞后环状,旋转速度越高滞后环越大.     

转子叶片径向受限的“冲击-气膜出流”冷却结构流动与换热

为揭示转子叶片径向受限的"冲击-气膜出流"冷却结构流动换热规律,以某型双层壁叶片肋化分割形成的冷却单元为研究对象,通过数值模拟的方式,对冲击雷诺数Rej,旋转数Ro,无因次温比(Tw-Tf)/Tw等参数变化下流场和换热特性变化规律展开研究。结果表明:在哥氏力和离心力作用下,受限空间内存在射流偏转、径向二次流动以及二次冲击等现象;流动的径向受限可抑制射流偏转,强化冲击换热;相同的旋转数Ro下,逆转向冲击(叶背区)换热努赛尔数Nu比顺转向冲击(叶盆区)高8%。在研究的参数范围内,数值模拟和试验结果说明径向受限周向出流结构能有效的抑制旋转对换热的削弱。     

跨声速涡轮静子端壁气膜冷却数值研究

对跨声速涡轮静子端壁气膜冷却进行了数值研究。研究发现涡轮静子端壁存在几个强换热区域：叶片前缘马蹄涡及前缘马蹄涡区域、吸力面马蹄涡分支覆盖区域、通道中靠近压力面侧和尾缘附近及尾缘后区域。针对端壁区域复杂的换热分布,设计了1种新型端壁全气膜冷却布置。通过数值研究对比了在不同进口吹风比情况下的壁面Nu、壁面气膜冷却效果和壁面热负荷。结果表明：存在最佳的进口吹风比,即在前缘Minlet=1.0时,尾缘Minlet=4.0时,端壁区域冷却效果最好。     

大压力高精度谐振筒传感器设计

介绍用于测量高低温环境下高压气体绝对压力的传感器的设计,传感器采用谐振筒式敏感元件和数字量输出方式.量程满足0.02～4.0MPa,精度优于±0.05%FS,可在-55～150℃的较宽温度范围内可靠工作.该传感器可用于飞机发动机的电调系统,测量发动机不同位置的压力.文中主要论述了谐振筒的设计方法,确定了宽温大压力高精度...