Flight safety oriented ice shape modulation using distributed plasma actuator units

Ice accretion on the wings seriously threatens the flight safety of an aircraft. From the perspectives of ensuring flight safety and saving power consumption, the ice shape modulation method using distributed plasma is proposed. Distributed plasma actuator units are designed to modulate the spanwise continuous ice at the leading edge into periodically segmented ice pieces, forming a wavy leading edge. Both airfoil and scaled aircraft model, with continuous and modulated ice, are experimentally investigated and simulated. Compared with the continuous ice, ice shape modulation can significantly improve the aerodynamic performance, flight control characteristics and flight safety. This method can save about half electric power, which is very beneficial for application.     

An integration method based on a novel combined flow for aerodynamic configuration of strutjet engine

In this paper a novel design method of aerodynamic configuration is proposed to integrate forebody, strut and inlet for strutjet engine, and a model at design point of Mach number 6 is generated to investigate the aerodynamic performance by both simulations and experiments. The basic flow field employed by proposed method is a combined flow named IBB, which is combined by Internal Conical Flow A (ICFA), truncated Busemann flow I (BI) for external section, and truncated Busemann flow II (BII) for internal section. The model configuration is generated by streamline tracing method from basic flow field, in which the forebody section is traced from ICFA and BI flows, and the inlet as well as strut section is traced from BII flow. The simulations in Mach number 4, 5, and 6 demonstrate uniform starting flow fields with relatively high total pressure recovery, which agree well with experiments in wind tunnel. Additionally, in low Mach number cases, this inlet could start at Mach number 3 while it is unstarted at Mach number 2.7; in high Mach number cases, a uniform flow could still exist in Mach number 6.5 while a relatively strong shock wave boundary layer interaction is found in cowl area of Mach number 7 case, indicating the inlet designed by proposed method works in a relatively wide Mach number range.     

Forward and reverse CIR shocks at 4–5 AU: Ulysses

In this article, we study fast shocks at CIR boundaries during an extended interval of 15 consecutive major high speed solar wind streams in 1992–1993. Ulysses was 4–5 AU from the sun. The Abraham-Schrauner shock normal method and the Rankine-Hugoniot relations were used to determine fast shock directions and speeds. Out of 33 potential CIR shocks, 14 were determined to be fast forward shocks (FSs) and 14 were fast reverse shocks (RSs). Of the remaining 5 events, 2 were forward waves and 3 were reverse waves. CIR edges at latitudes below ∼30^o were, for the most part, bounded by fast magnetosonic shocks. The forward shocks were generally quasi-perpendicular (average θ_nBo = 67^o). The reverse shocks were more oblique (average θ_nBo = 52^o), but they extended to all angles. Both FSs and RSs had magnetosonic Mach numbers ranging from 1 to 5 or 6. The average Mach numbers were 2.4 and 2.6 for FSs and RSs, respectively. The shock Mach numbers were noted to generally decrease with increasing latitude. The non-shock events or waves were noted to occur preferentially at high (∼−30° to −35°) heliolatitudes where stream-stream interactions were presumably weaker. These results are consistent with expectations, indicating the general accuracy of the Abraham-Schrauner technique.     

基于非湍流脉动动能方程的高超声速转捩预测

通过求解基于稳定性理论的非湍流脉动动能输运方程,预测了来流Ma为5.91的裙锥绕流流动的层流-湍流转捩点,并采用SST(Shear-Stress Transport)湍流模型结合代数间歇因子模型对转捩流场进行了数值模拟.结果表明非湍流脉动动能输运方程模型可以很好地捕捉逆压梯度对转捩前期边界层内的不稳定波动频率的影响.等温壁面条件下计算得到的转捩位置与静风洞实验结果基本一致.壁面冷却促进第2模态不稳定波动的增长,使转捩提前发生.代数间歇因子模型模拟高马赫数流动的转捩区长度较短,温度峰值偏低.     

电飘机升力机制和效率的研究

实验测量了电飘机在不同电压和电极几何参数情况下的升力值.采用离子风现象解释了电飘机的升力机制,在此基础上利用一维电流体动力学方法推导了升力和升力效率的公式.理论分析结果和实验值吻合良好,电飘机中升力的来源依赖于电晕电流的形成,并与电晕电流的大小相关.在电压不太高时,升力大小随电压的升高而增大,并大致呈抛物线关系,与电极间距成反比关系,与电极长度成正比关系.分析了空气参数对电飘机升力和效率的影响,发现减小离子在空气中的迁移率是提高效率的有效方法,但同时降低了升力.分析了电飘机的应用前景.      

跨声速风洞第二喉道性能计算

采用数值方法对跨声速风洞第二喉道性能进行了研究.首先根据第二喉道的一般设计准则,对第二喉道进行了气动设计,然后通过数值模拟对使用调节片和中心体调节第二喉道面积从而对试验段马赫数精确控制的效果进行了研究,结果表明其马赫数控制精度可以达到0.001;最后通过数值模拟对第二喉道气动设计进行了比对校核,并优选出最终设计方案.      

弹性变形对柔性飞艇气动特性的影响

设计加工具有相同几何外形的刚性飞艇模型和可变内压的柔性飞艇模型,并进行了低速风洞实验。研究了内压变化对柔性模型阻力和俯仰力矩特性的影响,比较了柔性模型和刚性模型气动特性的差异。实验结果表明,随着内压的增加柔性模型的阻力呈下降趋势;对于具有相同几何外形的柔性和刚性模型,柔性模型的阻力明显大于刚性模型;刚性模型的尾翼对俯仰力矩的影响较大。     

结冰风洞扩散段损失分析研究

针对在建的高亚声速结冰风洞,用数值方法研究了风洞的部段损失。利用CFD技术,数值模拟了不同设计状态下风洞收缩段、试验段、扩散段的损失,并与试验结果进行对比,分析了扩散角对扩压损失的影响。对扩散段进行了优化设计改造,成功达到了风洞性能指标。研究结果表明：利用数值模拟方法,可以方便地进行各种设计方案的损失比较,既经济便捷又可靠,在风洞设计中可大力推广。     

超高层建筑表面脉动风压空间相关特性试验研究

通过对某超高层建筑模型同步测压风洞试验,分别从时域和频域对模型各表面典型测点脉动风压水平和竖向空间相关性系数、以及水平和竖向相干函数进行了全面深入分析。与相关参考文献中提出的经典风速相干函数表达式进行了比较,给出了侧风面脉动风压相干函数考虑涡旋脱落影响的新的数学模型,拟合了公式参数,得到的结果可为建立更为精细的气动力模型所参考。