基于MotoTron平台的二冲程煤油发动机控制器开发

为实现某二冲程航空煤油发动机控制器的快速开发和策略验证,结合MotoTron快速控制原型开发平台丰富的软硬件资源,依据空气辅助缸内直喷与双火花塞点火的系统设计需求,开发了一套利用8缸机程序控制4缸机的发动机控制器。分析了基于快速控制原型软件架构的控制软件设计方法,利用开发软件MotoHawk配置底层程序和搭建发动机控制系统,并结合Matlab/Simulink建立上层控制策略,实现了完整的控制系统开发。在台架上进行了冷起动测试,发动机起动后转速较平稳,点火提前角、喷油提前角和喷油脉宽的调节过程符合控制策略设计,空燃比控制稳定,空燃比误差在10%以内。发动机顺利过渡到正常工况,验证了冷起动控制策略的可行性,实现了控制器的基本功能,控制器设计满足要求。     

基于改进无模型自适应算法的涡扇发动机限制保护控制方法

针对发动机限制保护控制问题,提出了一种基于数据驱动的改进无模型自适应限制保护控制方法。以主回路闭环系统为设计对象,通过在常规无模型自适应控制律的准则函数中增加误差变化率,使超限保护系统具有更快的响应速度,给出了改进后系统的稳定性条件,并采用临界比例度法进行了控制器参数整定。仿真结果表明:在不同工作点,所设计的改进无模型自适应限制保护控制器相比常规无模型自适应限制保护控制器,最大超限平均减小2.97%,响应时间平均缩短2.30s,实现了发动机超限后的迅速回调,保证了发动机系统的安全运行。     

纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电激励改善飞翼力矩特性的实验研究

针对飞翼布局力矩控制问题,采用纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电（NS-DBD）激励,在来流风速30 m/s时,开展飞翼等离子体流动控制风洞试验,研究了不同激励参数和位置对飞翼升阻特性和力矩特性的影响。结果表明,NS-DBD激励能够有效改善飞翼大迎角气动特性。激励频率对飞翼升阻特性影响较大,激励频率为0.2 kHz时,增升效果最好,最大升力系数提高14.5%,失速迎角推迟5°。随着激励频率的增加,增升效果逐渐变差,减阻效果变好。单侧施加激励时,能够实现大迎角下飞翼模型的力矩控制,随着激励频率的增加,滚转力矩的控制效果减小,激励频率为0.2kHz时,平均滚转力矩系数变化为ΔMX=0.005691;偏航力矩的控制效果增大,激励频率为1kHz时,平均偏航力矩系数变化为ΔMY=-0.001571;俯仰力矩的控制效果减小,激励频率为0.2kHz时,平均俯仰力矩系数变化为ΔMZ=-0.002576。在中翼段和内翼段施加激励,破坏了飞翼的俯仰力矩特性,在外翼段和机翼右侧施加激励,能够显著改善飞翼的俯仰力矩特性。流场测量结果表明：等离子体激励对飞翼气动力矩的控制,主要是通过控制流动分离和控制横向流动来实现的。NS-DBD激励为改善飞翼布局稳定性和操纵性提供一种潜在的技术手段。     

小卫星最佳温度动态范围热控设计方法研究

为探索低热惯性小卫星动态传热下的热控设计方法,首先建立双层集总参数模型,在得到温度时均量解析解的基础上,类比阻尼振荡系统,采用傅里叶变换法求解温度波动量解析解,从而建立周期变化外热流下温度动态变化与热控参数间的解析关系。以此为基础提出“最佳温度动态范围”热控设计新方法。对某型微小卫星进行“最佳温度动态范围”热控设计,并通过其在轨温度遥测量动态变化对该方法的准确性和可行性进行验证。     

基于LQR的弹道跟踪制导律设计

针对防空导弹弹道跟踪问题,基于线性二次型调节器（ LQR）理论设计了2种弹道跟踪制导律。首先,以时间为自变量,对导弹质点运动模型线性化,得到第一种线性化模型;接着,为提高模型精度和允许扰动范围,以导弹X坐标为自变量对导弹质点运动模型线性化,得到第二种线性化模型;然后,针对2种线性化模型,利用LQR理论分别设计跟踪制导律,并给出制导指令计算公式和制导流程;最后,在一定外界干扰作用下,将所设计2种跟踪制导律应用于导弹质点运动仿真,并从抑制随机风干扰、消除初始偏差等方面对2种制导律进行比较。结果表明,2种制导律都能实现弹道精确跟踪,且基于第2种线性化模型设计的跟踪制导律各项性能均优于第1种跟踪制导律,说明基于导弹X坐标线性化的模型精确度较高,适用于弹道跟踪制导律的设计。     

Effects of uncertainties and flexible dynamic contributions on the control of a spacecraft full-coupled model

One of the most important problems for performing a good design of the spacecraft attitude control law is connected to its robustness when some uncertainty parameters are present on the inertial and/or on the elastic characteristics of a satellite. These uncertainties are generally intrinsic on the modeling of complex structures and in the case of large flexible structures they can be also attributed to secondary effects associated to the elasticity. One of the most interesting issues in modeling large flexible space structures is associated to the evaluation of the inertia tensor which in general depends not only on the geometric ‘fixed’ characteristic of the satellite but also on its elastic displacements which of course in turn modify the ‘shape’ of the satellite. Usually these terms can be considered of a second order of magnitude if compared with the ones associated to the rigid part of a structure. However the increasing demand on the dimension of satellites due to the presence for instance of very large solar arrays (necessary to generate power) and/or large antennas has the necessity to investigate their effects on their global dynamic behavior in more details as a consequence. In the present paper a methodology based on classical Lagrangian approach coupled with a standard Finite Element tool has been used to derive the full dynamic equations of an orbiting flexible satellite under the actions of gravity, gravity gradient forces and attitude control. A particular attention has been paid to the study of the effects of flexibility on the inertial terms of the spacecraft which, as well known, influence its attitude dynamic behavior. Furthermore the effects of the attitude control authority and its robustness to the uncertainties on inertial and elastic parameters has been investigated and discussed.     

A hybrid attitude controller consisting of electromagnetic torque rods and an active fluid ring

In this paper, a novel hybrid actuation system for satellite attitude stabilization is proposed along with its feasibility analysis. The system considered consists of two magnetic torque rods and one fluid ring to produce the control torque required in the direction in which magnetic torque rods cannot produce torque. A mathematical model of the system dynamics is derived first. Then a controller is developed to stabilize the attitude angles of a satellite equipped with the abovementioned set of actuators. The effect of failure of the fluid ring or a magnetic torque rod is examined as well. It is noted that the case of failure of the magnetic torque rod whose torque is along the pitch axis is the most critical, since the coupling between the roll or yaw motion and the pitch motion is quite weak. The simulation results show that the control system proposed is quite fault tolerant.     

Nonlinear H∞ based underactuated attitude control for small satellites with two reaction wheels

Underactuated attitude control is supposed to be used on spacecraft when failure happens with onboard actuators. One main problem with existing underactuated attitude control designs is their limited capabilities against disturbances. In order to solve this problem, an approach based on the theory of H∞$H\infty$ is proposed in this paper. Two propositions are derived from the H∞$H\infty$ theory to improve the robustness of one popular underactuated attitude control design, which was presented by Tsiotras et al. It is proved mathematically that the controller satisfying these two propositions respectively can stabilize the underactuated attitude system locally or globally. The numerical simulations show that the improved controllers based on the H∞$H\infty$ theory could provide higher pointing accuracy for small satellites against disturbances. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed H∞$H\infty$ based approach to improve existing underactuated attitude control designs.     

Space debris and the need for space traffic control

This report summarises the presentations which took place at the ‘Space Traffic Control – Is the Space Debris Problem Solvable?’ conference hosted by the Royal Aeronautical Society on the 2nd July 2013. The conference sought to promote discussion over methods to deal with the issue of space debris in particular and speakers included representatives from the European Space Agency, the United Kingdom Space Agency, practitioners and academia. Themes which emerged during the conference included the urgency of the problem of space debris, the need for short-term and long-term solutions, the necessity for the development and implementation of space debris remediation technologies to complement existing mitigation efforts and, last but not least, the wider applications of space traffic control. Regarding the sub-title of the conference, ‘is the space debris problem solvable?’, it would appear from the presentations that while there is the potential for future management of the issue through debris remediation and harmonised mitigation efforts, no comprehensive solutions exist at the time of writing.     

一种基于空间相机热特性的高精度控温方法

为提高空间相机的控温精度以保证成像品质,文章提出了一种基于空间相机热特性的高精度控温方法。该方法从相机控温回路所控区域的能量平衡方程出发,根据控温区域自身的热特性参数,综合考虑其它控温区域对其传热影响以及外热流变化等因素,最终确定本控温周期内的主动控温功耗或加热占空比。通过建立某相机热模型,分别施加上述控温方法与开关比例控制算法,对控温效果进行了仿真对比。结果表明,该方法的控温精度显著优于常用的开关比例控制。