机械液压系统流量方程中流量系数的选取

在对机械液压系统建模和仿真的过程中,流量方程中流量系数的选取将直接影响到模型的精度.针对国内目前所采用的传统方法的缺点,本文研究了如何选取该参数的方法,总结了计算该参数的方法,并运用该方法进行了实例计算,计算结果表明:该方法能够较好的提高模型的精度.     

一种双S形进气道流场特性及控制的试验研究

首先利用高速风洞对一种与机身保形的双S进气道原始模型进行了研究,结果表明进气道出口截面总压周向畸变指数较大.继而,在低速风洞试验的基础上选择了一种基于涡流发生器的流场控制方案,并在高速风洞中开展了对该进气道高速风洞流场控制试验研究,分别获得了流量特性、速度特性、攻角特性和侧滑角特性规律.研究结果表明:(1)原型方案的高速风洞试验结果说明双S弯进气道第二S弯上壁面产生了气流分离,在横截面二次流的共同作用下,导致该方案出口截面的上方存在一较大的低压区,当Ma0=0.8,α=0°,β=0°时匹配点处总压恢复系数σ为0.958,周向总压畸变指数Δσ0达到11.7%,超过了一般航空发动机的忍受范围.(2)与原型方案的风洞试验结果相比,涡流发生器控制技术能够有效抑制双S弯进气道第二S弯上壁面的气流分离,大幅度降低了该进气道的流场畸变.设计状态下(Ma0=0.8,α=0°,β=0°)总压恢复系数σ为0.953,周向总压畸变指数Δσ0仅有2.3%,综合畸变指数W为4.1%,满足了发动机的使用条件.(3)研究范围内,较低的飞行马赫数使得流场控制方案出口截面的总压恢复系数略有升高,但对周向畸变指数有着不利影响.此外,随着攻角从-4°增加到8°,出口总压恢复系数和周向畸变指数均逐渐降低.而当侧滑角从0°变化到6°时总压恢复系数几乎不变,但大侧滑角给周向畸变指数带来的不利影响较为显著.(4)在飞行马赫数Ma0=0.6～0.85,攻角α=-4°～8°,β=0°～6°的范围内,匹配点处进气道的总压恢复系数在0.936～0.961之间,周向畸变指数在1.4％～5.4％之间,综合畸变指数在3.8％～7.0％之间,表明采用流场控制后的进气道方案已达到实用水平.     

Effect of no-load rate on recast layer cutting by ultra fine wire-EDM

Via material erosion in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), recast layers form on the surfaces of workpiece. In addition, ultra fine Wire-EDM can be usually cut once. To reduce the thickness of the recast layer as much as possible, the wire electrical discharge-electrochemical machining (WEDCM) method was proposed, which is based on the micro conductivity of the dielectric and microelectrolytic characteristics by adjusting the no-load rate of the pulse in the machining process. Furthermore, a state discrimination and servo control system based on discharge current was designed. The experiment results of different no-load rates show that the electrolytic effects increase as the no-load rate increases, and the main machining process is spark discharge erosion with a no-load rate in the range of 10% to 80%. At 90% no-load rate, the amount of recast layer formation in the forward direction of the wire electrode is almost the same as that of electrolytic dissolution, and it can be practically processed without a recast layer. Compared with 10% no-load rate, the kerf width only increases by 7.5%.     

统计能量分析混响声场中吸声系数与损耗因子关系研究

本文利用混响声场吸声系数α、立体角、平均自由程及壁面吸收声能等统计声学概念,用简单方法导出混响声场吸声系数α与统计能量分析(SEA)损耗因子η之间的关系。     

氧气/煤油发动机燃气热物理参数及输运系数计算

为了给氧气/煤油发动机设计和热防护设计提供必要的设计参数,针对氧气/煤油燃气进行热力学计算。运用吉布斯最小自由焓计算模型得到燃气平衡组成,通过拟合公式的方法得到燃气的热物理参数及输运系数。通过计算,得到氧气/煤油燃气的组分及比焓、密度、比熵、粘性系数等热物理参数和输运系数随温度和压力的变化特性。分析结果表明:水离解对氧气/煤油燃气组分变化存在显著影响,压力增大会导致水离解起始温度升高;氧气/煤油燃气比焓、比熵、定压比热、粘性系数、热传导系数变化在温度较低时受压力影响较小,当水开始离解后,压力的影响显著增强;组分在燃气中的扩散系数同时受到了温度和组分摩尔分数的影响;燃气普朗特数变化受热传导系数变化的影响较大,水离解后,热传导系数的迅速增大使燃气的普朗特数迅速减小。     

用于粒子分离器的砂粒反弹特性实验研究

针对砂粒反弹特性所面临的基础问题及其复杂特点,采用实验与理论分析的方法研究砂粒反弹机理。以砂粒与板面碰撞反弹为起点,自行设计了测量砂粒反弹系数的实验系统,并用高速摄影仪捕捉砂粒的运动轨迹,通过图像处理获得不同粒径的砂粒与不同材料的板面碰撞前后的速度矢量。以实验测量数据为基础,理论分析砂粒运动特性,总结砂粒反弹系数与入射角度之间的关系,建立不同材料的砂粒反弹系数的拟合公式,为进一步提高粒子分离器的分离效率提供研究基础与理论支撑。     

Estimation of sediment settling velocity in estuarine and coastal waters using optical remote sensing data

A robust method has been developed for estimating sediment settling velocity (w_s) from high resolution optical remote sensing data in estuarine, coastal and harbor waters. This method estimates settling velocity as a function of the drag coefficient (C_d), Reynolds number (Re), grain size (D₅₀), specific gravity (Δ_SG) and grain shape (in terms of the Corey Shape Factor – CSF). These parameters were derived from the particulate inherent optical properties such as backscattering (b_bp), beam attenuation (c_p), suspended sediment concentration and turbidity using Landsat 8 OLI and HICO data. Preliminary results for the Gulf of Cambay in the eastern Arabian Sea and Yangtze river estuary in the East China Sea, showed that satellite-retrieved settling velocities (m?s^?1) varied from very low values in clear oceanic waters, intermediate values in coastal waters, to very high values in river plumes and sediment-laden coastal waters. The remote sensing retrievals of sediment properties and their settling velocities were generally consistent with the field and laboratory results, which indicate that the proposed methodology will have important implications in various coastal engineering, environmental and management studies.     

Aerodynamics of ducted re-entry vehicles

Ballistic parameter plays a major role in determining the re-entry trajectory. Lower ballistic coefficient offers an optimal re-entry, wherein the vehicle decelerates higher up in the atmosphere thereby decreasing the imposed aerothermal loads. The current computational study proposes an add-on, to the existing Orion-based re-entry vehicle: a duct circumventing the capsule from the shoulder to the base, to improve the aerocapture ability of the re-entry vehicle. The design cases are categorised based on a non-dimensional parameter termed the Annular Area Ratio (AAR). Dragand ballistic coefficient of the Ducted Re-entry Vehicles (DRVs) at various Mach numbers are evaluated and compared with those of the baseline model. The results show that the proposed design increases the drag for all the AARs considered in the subsonic regime. In the supersonic regime, ducted models of higher AAR are more promising with the increase in Mach number. DRVs also exhibit lower ballistic coefficients than their baseline counterparts.     

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Passive Vortex Generators on Aludra UAV Performance

A study of the effects of passive vortex generators (VGs) on Aludra unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerodynamic characteristics is presented. Both experimental and numerical works are carried out where an array of VGs is attached on Aludra UAV’s wing. The flow measurements are made at various angles of attack by using 3-axis component balance system. In the numerical investigation, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) code FLUENT 6.3TM is used in the simulations with fully structured mesh with Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) turbulence model and standard wall function. The comparison between the experimental and numerical results reveals a satisfactory agreement. The parametric study shows that higher maximum lift coefficient is achieved when the VGs are placed nearer to the separation point. In addition to this, shorter spanwise distance between the VGs also increases the maximum lift coefficient, rectangular and curve-edge VG performs better than triangular VG.     

三级风扇进气压力畸变特性分析

基于多子区平行压气机彻体力模型,就某风扇特性和S2流面计算结果进行了气动稳定性的评估与分析.介绍了进口流场畸变对风扇稳定性影响的数学模型,并阐述了该模型的求解方法;计算和分析了压力畸变对风扇稳定性影响的结果,并讨论了压力畸变在风扇系统中的传递和分布情况.计算结果表明:风扇在相对换算转速75%下稳定裕度储备可能不足;中低...