Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Flow Around Forward Flight Helicopter with Coaxial Rotors

Three-dimensional unsteady Euler equations are numerically solved to simulate the unsteady flows around forward flight helicopter with coaxial rotors based on unstructured dynamic overset grids. The performances of the two coaxial rotors both become worse because of the aerodynamic interaction between them, and the influence of the top rotor on the bottom rotor is greater than that of the bottom rotor on the top rotor. The downwash velocity at the bottom rotor plane is much larger than that at the top rotor plane, and the downwash velocity at the top rotor plane is a little larger than that at an individual rotor plane. The downwash velocity and thrust coefficient both become larger when the collective angle of blades is added. When the spacing between the two coaxial rotors increases, the thrust coefficient of the top rotor increases, but the total thrust coefficient reduces a little, because the decrease of the bottom rotor thrust coefficient is larger than the increase of the top rotor thrust coefficient.     

不同叶片尾缘结构对流换热特性实验

为了研究不同叶片尾缘结构对对流换热系数的影响规律,设计了三种尾缘结构,并搭建了实验台,采用红外热像仪对叶片尾缘的壁温进行测量。研究结果表明,（1）三种尾缘结构的对流换热系数沿壁面的分布有很大差异,针对实验件I,对流换热系数存在一最大值,且最大值出现的位置随着吹风比的增加而逐渐远离气膜出口;（2）实验件II和III的对流换热系数沿壁面均呈现逐渐降低的趋势,但降低的规律二者又不相同;（3）在相同壁面位置,实验件III的对流换热系数最高,而实验件I的对流换热系数最低,因此可以认为,实验件III所示的尾缘结构更有利于对叶片尾缘更好的冷却。     

新时效制度处理的2024铝合金塑性性能分析

对由导电率和硬度实验初步确定的２０２４铝合金新时效制度进行了拉伸试验研究，并对拉伸塑性性能试验数据进行了数理统计分析。通过实验研究和分析，证明２０２４铝合金采用新的时效制度，在塑性性能方面满足适航要求。     

On prediction of re-entry time of an upper stage from GTO

The evolution of objects in geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) is determined by a complex interplay of atmospheric drag and luni-solar gravity. These orbits are highly eccentric (eccentricity >0.7) and have large variations in velocity and perturbations during a revolution. The periodic changes in the perigee altitudes of these orbits are mainly due to the gravitational perturbations of the Sun and the Moon. The re-entry time of the objects in such orbits is sensitive to the initial conditions. The aim of this paper is to study the re-entry time of the cryogenic stage of the Indian geo-synchronous launch vehicle, GSLV-F04/CS, which has been decaying since 2 September 2007 from initial orbit with eccentricity equal to 0.706. Two parameters, initial eccentricity and ballistic coefficient, are chosen for optimal estimation. It is known that the errors are more in eccentricity for the observations based on two line elements (TLEs). These two parameters are computed with response surface method using a genetic algorithm for the selected eight different zones, based on rough linear variation of the mean apogee altitude during 200 days orbit evolution. The study shows that the GSLV-F04/CS will re-enter between 5 December 2010 and 7 January 2011. The methodology is also applied to study the re-entry of six decayed objects (cryogenic stages of GSLV and Molniya satellites). Good agreement is noticed between the actual and the predicted re-entry times. The absolute percentage error in re-entry prediction time for all the six objects is found to be less than 7%. The present methodology is being adopted at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) to predict the re-entry time of GSLV-F04/CS.     

Drag reduction research in supersonic flow with opposing jet

A CFD study on drag reduction in supersonic flow with opposing jet has been conducted. Flowfield parameters, reattachment point position and surface pressure distributions are obtained and validated with experiments. From the analysis on the physical mechanism of drag reduction, it shows the phenomenon that, when the opposing jet blows, the high pressure region is located between the bow shock wave and the Mach disk, which makes the nose region much lower pressure. As the pressure ratio increases, the high pressure region is gradually pushed away from the surface. Larger the total pressure ratio is, the lower of the drag coefficient is. To study the effect of the intensity of opposing jet more reasonably, a new parameter R_PA has been introduced by combining the flux and the total pressure ratio. The study shows that the same shock wave position and drag coefficient can be obtained with the same R_PA with different fluxes and the total pressures, which means the new parameter could stand for the intensity of opposing jet and could be used to analyze the influence of opposing jet on flow field and aerodynamic force.     

汽车制动系统关键技术研究

本文对盘式汽车制动时的受力进行了分析，建立了汽车制动的受力模型、对汽车的制动力分配情况进行了分析，给出了汽车的制动器制动效能因数和制动力距的计算方法；然后对汽车制动系统的评价指标进行了总结，最后利用软件编写程序得到汽车的同步附着系数，这些为汽车制动的研究奠定了基础。     

喷管构形对多脉冲激光推进冲量耦合系数的影响

多脉冲激光推进中,后续脉冲的推进性能受到之前激波流场的影响。为了获得喷管构型参数对多脉冲推进性能的影响规律,针对圆台形喷管构形,数值模拟了频率为20,50,100Hz时多脉冲流场演化过程,得到了喷管顶部直径和长度对多脉冲冲量耦合系数的影响规律。结果表明：多脉冲冲量耦合系数随着顶部直径的增加而增加;一定范围内增加喷管长度利于冲量耦合系数的提高,但喷管过长将不利于喷管内气体的恢复,多脉冲冲量耦合系数提高不明显;不同频率下顶部直径和长度对冲量耦合系数的影响规律基本一致。研究结果为多脉冲条件下喷管参数优化和实验参数选择提供参考。     

较低雷诺数零升阻力估算方法研究

根据层流和湍流的摩擦阻力估算公式,建立较低雷诺数条件下当量摩擦阻力系数的计算模型来估算零升阻力系数。通过对估算方法进行验证和分析,研究较低雷诺数时零升阻力系数随雷诺数的变化趋势。结果表明,建立的估算方法合理,并且准确地反映了零升阻力系数在较大雷诺数范围内的变化规律。     

改善铷原子钟物理部分温度系数的研究

铷原子钟的温度系数是决定其长期频率稳定度的关键因素,物理部分的温度系数又是铷原子钟温度系数的重要组成部分.为了改善物理部分的温度系数,在理论分析的基础上开展了试验研究,结果表明:提出的改善物理部分温度系数的措施是有效的.这对于进一步提高星载铷原子钟频率稳定度具有积极作用.     

粗糙壁面表面传热数值计算比较

为了计算冰形模拟中的表面传热系数,给出了三种粗糙壁面表面传热系数计算方法,即传统的边界层积分法、基于k-ε湍流模型及标准壁面函数的计算方法(k-ε法)和基于Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型在粗糙壁面扩展的计算法(S-A扩展法).计算了直径为15cm、表面等效沙粒粗糙高度为1.35mm的圆柱,在Re分别为8.8×...