空间碳纤维壳结构导热增强方法试验研究

为提高空间碳纤维复合材料壳结构的导热能力,降低热控设计难度,并提高热控系统可靠性,设计了包含贴覆石墨高导热膜材料以及在外部包覆的多层隔热组件内增加高导热膜等在内的3种导热增强措施,分别按这3种方法制作了试件,并增加了对照组,进行了真空热试验。试验结果表明,贴覆石墨高导热膜材料的方法使碳纤维壳结构试件的当量导热系数增大了7倍,相较其他方法具有明显优势。若该方法与包覆含有高导热膜夹层的多层隔热组件的方法协同使用,可以取得更好的效果。     

基于夏氏最小二乘的轨道控制力系数辨识

在航天器轨道捕获、轨道维持和空间目标碰撞规避中都需要进行航天器轨道机动。针对航天器轨道机动过程中推力器的推力系数为装订常数,没有根据在轨工作实际进行优化而导致出现较大误差的情况,对控制力拟合系数进行辨识,作为修正控制参数以补偿轨道控制误差的依据,提高轨道控制精度。统计分析在轨管理的典型航天器平台及其发动机的轨道控制历史数据,分析轨道控制理论和在轨控制数据拟合建立轨道控制经验模型,用当前可测量的系统输入和输出预测系统输出的未来演变,得到不同工作情况下实际轨道控制误差与控制参数及其他主要影响因素之间关系的经验公式,为轨道控制策略决策提供参考。选取轨道半长轴控制量300m以上和300m以下的两类近地卫星,对其轨道控制历史数据进行分析,经实际数据测试,采用夏氏法进行推力系数拟合后预测的速度变化量精度较高。该种计算方法利用了轨道控制历史数据,计算方法简单,提高了轨道控制速度增量的预测精度,对轨道控制实施具有参考意义。     

The influence of the spatial and temporal collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters derived from COSMIC radio occultation and digisondes

GPS radio occultation (RO) ionospheric products obtained by Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission during the year of 2014 and the observations from 3 digisonde stations which are located at different latitudes are used to study the influence of different time and space collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters (ICPs), including the peak density and peak height, derived from the two techniques. The results show that the correlation coefficients (CC) and the standard deviation of the absolute biases (SDAB) between the ICPs derived from the two techniques vary distinctly under different spatial and time collocation windows. Generally, the CC (SDAB) of the ICPs decrease (increase) as the size of the collocation window increases in time dimension or in space dimension. The rate of change of the statistic parameters with the increase in the size of the collocation window in time dimension and space dimension is analyzed for each digisonde station. It is found that within the collocation window of $\left(60\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n},{20}^{°},{20}^{°}\right)$, the influence of the increase of $1^{°}$ in the space window on the statistical comparison is much more significant than that of the increase of 1?min in the time window, and it is suggested that there can be appropriate relaxation on the time window within the threshold of 60?min to get a balance between the quality of the comparison results and the number of the matched pairs. In addition, it is found that the same variations in the longitude window and in the latitude window may have different influences on the comparison results when the horizontal gradients in electron density are distinctly different along different directions at the digisonde station, and strict space collocation window is preferred when comparing the observations from COSMIC RO with those from the digisonde station in such cases.     

短舱外侧导流片对民用运输机低速特性影响

以提升民用运输机起降构型大迎角阶段的气动性能为目的,通过开展基于求解雷诺平均Navier-Stockes(RANS)方程的数值模拟,研究了翼吊短舱布局飞机的失速附近的流场特征,分析了短舱外侧导流片的作用机理以及导流片的安装位置和安装角对流动控制效果的影响.短舱外侧导流片能够在大迎角工况下产生诱导涡,抑制外侧前缘缝翼放下...     

基于ZnO阵列的银表面二次电子发射抑制技术

随着卫星有效载荷的射频功率越来越大,传统的微放电抑制方法已经无法满足大功率卫星有效载荷的需求。降低大功率射频部件内表面的二次电子发射系数是抑制微放电效应的重要方法之一,通过在金属银表面构造纳米量级ZnO阵列,实现了纳米尺度银陷阱结构的制备,研究了晶种制备方式、锌盐浓度对ZnO阵列生长的影响。结果表明,采用紫外照射法制备晶种获得的ZnO阵列在样片表面分布均匀,提高锌盐浓度可改善ZnO阵列的分布均匀性。分析了ZnO阵列排列密度对银膜构筑的影响,发现在低密度的ZnO阵列上更加容易镀覆金属银。因此,获得了镀银表面基于ZnO阵列的陷阱结构制备的工艺技术,实现金属银表面二次电子发射系数最大值降低36.3%。     

曲锥前体/三维内转进气道一体化设计与分析

对圆锥流场在不同攻角条件下的气动特征进行分析,以流线追踪技术为基础,发展了一种曲锥前体/三维内转进气道一体化设计方法,获得了三个几何参数对一体化方案外形和性能的影响规律。研究发现,三维内转进气道侧壁外扩角对进气道流量捕获系数影响明显,而捕获形状圆心角对进气道的影响主要表现在几何特征上。此外,进气道流量捕获系数随外压缩段总长度的增大而减小。基于对捕获形状的研究,设计了一种曲锥前体/三维内转进气道,并通过数值模拟对该方案进行研究。结果表明:在设计点来流马赫数为6.0时,该方案进气道流量捕获系数能够达到0.93,且具有0.61的总压恢复系数;在非设计点来流马赫数为5.0时,流量捕获系数能够保持在0.86,总压恢复系数为0.77。      

Experimental study on film cooling performance of imperfect holes

An experimental study is made to investigate the film cooling performance of imperfect holes due to in-hole blockage over a flat plate. A specifically pyramid-shaped element is used to simulate the in-hole blockage. Six in-hole blockage orientations (such as leading-inlet, leading-middle, leading-exit, trailing-inlet, trailing-middle and trailing-exit) and four blocking ratios (ranging from 0.1 to 0.4) are taken into considerations. Based on the experimental results, the influences of in-hole blockage on the film cooling effectiveness and discharge coefficient under typical blowing ratios are analyzed. It is confirmed that the in-hole blockage results in a reduction of discharge coefficient related to the perfect film cooling holes, especially for the leading-exit and trailing-inlet orientations with a big blocking ratio. However, in the view of film cooling effectiveness, the in-hole blockage shows complicated affecting roles. In general, except for the leading-exit orientation, the in-hole blockages produce detrimental influence on the film cooling effectiveness.     

地标自主导航的高精度地标库建立方法

利用地标信息的卫星自主导航方法是通过星载光学摄像机实时拍摄地标景象来计算卫星的位置、速度等参数,具有完全自主的特点,并且适用范围广泛,可用于能够周期性获得地面图像的航天器,但受到地标选取方法以及地标库建立策略的制约,影响到导航精度,阻碍了推广使用。针对上述问题,提出了建立全局及高性能的地标库,即采用全球地标控制点选取的原则选取性能优良的全球地标样本,并自动生成全局地标库。通过计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性,结果表明,使用全球地标控制点选取地标样本,并自动生成全局地标库,可以快速而准确地为航天器进行高精度的自主导航,导航位置误差约为99 m,速度误差约为0.08 m/s。      

对称负重合型气动伺服阀零位流动状态分析

针对负重合型气动伺服阀(PSV)零位特性设计缺少理论依据问题,根据单个节流口的气体质量流量公式建立起气动伺服阀滑阀级的数学模型,采用假设求证法分析了零位时气体流经上、下游节流口的流动状态与影响因素之间的关系。结果表明在不同供、排气压力比下,负重合量不均等系数小于0.5283的气动伺服阀有3种可能的零位流动状态,即上、下游节流口均为亚声速流动,或者均为声速流动,或者上游节流口为声速时下游节流口为亚声速流动;负重合量不均等系数不小于0.5283的气动伺服阀有两种可能的零位流动状态,即上、下游节流口均为亚声速流动,以及上游节流口为亚声速时下游节流口为声速流动。可知气动伺服阀的零位流动状态由负重合量不均等系数与供、排气压力比共同决定。以负重合量不均等系数分别为0.5、1、2的气动伺服阀为例进行了计算和实验验证,实验结果与理论分析相吻合。