多元函数微分学中基本概念之间的关系

多元函数微分学是高等数学教学的重点之一,理清其基本概念之间的相互关系对于认识多元函数的性态具有重要的意义。通过两个命题的证明及反例的构造,阐述多元函数微分学中几个重要概念之间的相互关系。     

增强碳/碳球锥切削中的最小热应力优化研究

对将增强碳/碳纤维块体切削成球锥外形的工艺,块体热膨胀系数异性轴指向可以极大地影响球锥热应力大小,存在优化设计的潜力。本文对增强碳/碳不同主轴方向弹性模量比值下的球锥最小热应力优化特性进行了研究,发现以1为界,不同模量对比关系下的优化特征是完全不同的。在本文加热条件下,当异性轴模量小于同性面模量时,优化曲线对温度场变化很敏感,以块体异性轴和球锥横截面成±42.9夹角时热应力最小;当异性轴模量大于同性面模量时,优化曲线随加热时间变化不大,以块体同性面与球锥对称轴平行或成小锐角时热应力最小。一般而言,工艺设计中应避免用模量大的主轴方向指向球锥对称轴方向。     

基于落点预测的高旋火箭弹弹道修正算法

高旋火箭弹的修正控制是基于等效力实现的二维弹道修正控制，由于弹体存在陀螺进动和马格努斯效应，在控制力作用下产生的附加攻角引起的升力与控制力的矢量合为等效力，其大小与方向在控制过程中不断变化，不能简单根据偏差量（修正量）的比例关系来确定控制力的方向。基于此，分析了控制力与等效力的关系，提出了一种基于弹道落点预测的控制算法。首先利用弹道落点预测模型实时预测落点与目标的偏差量，然后利用小扰动法构造偏差量对控制量的敏感系数矩阵，通过偏差量与敏感系数矩阵解算出纵、横两个方向的需用控制量。采用修正前后速度矢量的位置关系得到控制量的合矢量及其方位角，并利用控制量的合矢量与等效力计算出控制周期，在控制周期内按照等效力方位角调整控制力的方向实现对高旋火箭弹的精确控制，解决了非线性耦合问题。仿真结果表明该算法具有较高的控制精度，为工程应用提供理论依据。     

梳状电容式微加速度计温度性能优化

零偏温度漂移是影响高精度MEMS加速度计整体性能的关键指标，敏感结构机械零位的温度漂移和电路零位(电容检测电路）的温度漂移是加速度计零偏温度漂移的直接原因。分析了影响加速度计零偏温度系数的3种主要影响因素，提出了某型加速度计伺服电路温度性能测试筛选方法，有效减小了电路零位的温度漂移。采用了全硅表头，同时对表头封装粘接方式进行优化，大幅减小了表头机械零位的温度漂移。经过这些优化措施后，加速度计的温度性能得到了明显改善，零偏温度系数由1.3mg/℃减小到0.5mg/℃，零偏的常温稳定性(1h）达到0.108mg，重复性(6次）达到0.141mg。     

Crop parameters estimation by fuzzy inference system using X-band scatterometer data

Learning fuzzy rule based systems with microwave remote sensing can lead to very useful applications in solving several problems in the field of agriculture. Fuzzy logic provides a simple way to arrive at a definite conclusion based upon imprecise, ambiguous, vague, noisy or missing input information. In the present paper, a subtractive based fuzzy inference system is introduced to estimate the potato crop parameters like biomass, leaf area index, plant height and soil moisture. Scattering coefficient for HH- and VV-polarizations were used as an input in the Fuzzy network. The plant height, biomass, and leaf area index of potato crop and soil moisture measured at its various growth stages were used as the target variables during the training and validation of the network. The estimated values of crop/soil parameters by this methodology are much closer to the experimental values. The present work confirms the estimation abilities of fuzzy subtractive clustering in potato crop parameters estimation. This technique may be useful for the other crops cultivated over regional or continental level.     

基于仿真分析的压铆力预测模型

铆接是飞机结构机械连接的主要方式,压铆力作为影响铆接质量的重要因素,传统的计算方法通常是建立在体积不变的假设之上,且不考虑钉杆材料被压入钉孔部分的体积,导致模型误差较大。为此,依据仿真分析结果和铆钉材料的流动趋势,引入体积缩减系数来描述钉杆被压入钉孔部分的体积,建立压铆力预测模型,并与已有的试验数据进行对比,结果表明计算值与试验值的一致性较好,该模型可以用来预测铆接过程中压铆力的大小。     

Electrochemical micromachining of microgroove arrays on phosphor bronze surface for improving the tribological performance

A high friction coefficient and a low wear rate of contacted surfaces are essential elements to friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. It has been shown that surface textures have a significant effect on improving the tribological performance of friction pairs.In this paper, microgroove arrays are introduced to the stator surface for improving the tribological performance of friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. Microgrooves were fabricated on a phosphor bronze surface by through-mask electrochemical micromachining(TMEMM). Parameters, namely, the electrolyte inlet pressure, applied voltage, pulse duty cycle,and frequency, were varied to investigate their influences on the dimensions and morphology of the microgrooves. Results showed that the width and depth of the microgrooves were strongly affected by the applied voltage and frequency, while the morphology of the microgrooves was dependent on the electrolyte inlet pressure and the pulse duty cycle. Compared with a smooth surface, the friction coefficient increased from 0.245 to 0.334 and less abrasion was obtained when a surface was textured with microgrooves of which the width and depth were 185.6 and 57.6 lm,respectively. Microgroove arrays might play an important role in enhancing the performance of ultrasonic motors.     

双级高压涡轮气动性能试验状态模化方法

针对双级高压气冷涡轮的低温试验状态模化方法，对以空气为工质、基于不同相似准则数的试验模化状态的流场相似 性进行数值仿真。结果表明：对于有冷气试验模化方法，采用出口马赫数与设计状态一致的模化方法可获得相似性较好的试验状 态流场，此时反力度、载荷系数、马赫数均能保证良好的相似性，主要相似准则数偏差不超过5%；对于无冷气试验模化方法，保持 涡轮几何不变并增大膨胀比使得等熵速比与设计状态的一致，或通过改变叶片数保证各排出口马赫数与设计状态的一致，均能显 著改善无冷气模化状态与设计状态的流场相似性。其中前者反力度相似性接近98%，而后者载荷系数和马赫数的相似性达到了 同样水平，但破坏了模型的几何相似。     

改进的小波均匀化方法求解小周期系数抛物型方程

对传统的小波数值均匀化方法通过加入逐层修正的步骤进行了改进,并将改进后的方法用于求解具有小周期系数的抛物型方程。数值算例结果表明：在保持较高计算效率的同时,改进后的方法比改进前方法在精度方面有明显的提高。因此,改进后方法是小周期系数抛物型方程的一种高效率、高精度的数值求解方法。     

Anomalous Cosmic Rays and Solar Modulation

We review aspects of anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) that bear on the solar modulation of energetic particles in the heliosphere. We show that the latitudinal and radial gradients of these particles exhibit a 22-year periodicity in concert with the reversal of the Sun's magnetic field. The power-law index of the low energy portion of the energy spectrum of ACRs at the shock in 1996 appears to be -1.3, suggesting that the strength of the solar wind termination shock at the helioequatorial plane is relatively weak, with s 2.8. The rigidity dependence of the perpendicular interplanetary mean free path in the outer heliosphere for particles with rigidities between 0.2 and 0.7 GV varies approximately as R2, where R is particle rigidity. There is evidence that ACR oxygen is primarily multiply charged above 20 MeV/nuc and primarily singly-charged below 16 MeV/nuc. The location of the termination shock was at 65 AU in 1987 and 85 AU in 1994.