Aerodynamic design of tractor propeller for high-performance distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft, a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically. Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk, the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream, based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure. As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss (MIL) propeller at a specified thrust level, significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved, which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.     

大型水洞中螺旋桨尾流场PIV测试研究

以标准桨DTMB-P4119为试验对象,开展了螺旋桨尾流场测试分析。试验捕捉到了清晰的螺旋桨梢涡和尾涡的流动结构以及梢涡、尾涡片在尾流中的演化。分析比较了三种载况下的尾流特征,利用捕捉到的梢涡涡心坐标计算了部分涡线的螺距角。文章将测试结果与LDV测试数据进行了比较分析,结果表明,PIV与LDV对微观流动结构的测量取得了比较一致的结果。     

同轴波导与开放式同轴谐振腔的比较研究

文章介绍了同轴波导内场分布的计算公式以及开放式同轴谐振腔的场分布、谐振频率和品质因数的计算公式。通过对同轴波导和开放式同轴谐振腔的比较研究发现,开放式同轴谐振腔实质上就是纵向剖面为缓变截面的同轴波导。     

Drag Reduction for an Airship with Proper Arrangement of Propellers

In this article, the flow field around an airship with propellers blowing is calculated on the basis of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with SST turbulent models. Modeled each as an actuator disk, the propellers are arranged at different positions around the body of airship in the flow direction. The numerical results show that the blowing propellers produce open outer flows. They drive the separated vortexes off the body thus reducing the drag coefficients. The results also show that the position after leading sucking peak is the best place for a propeller to blow. When the propellers are positioned after sucking peak, the longer the area which the propellers work on, the more the profile drag coefficients can be reduced. If the working position of propeller moves from the sucking peak forward to the leading edge, the friction drag coefficient will increase. The bigger the diameter of the propellers and the stronger the pressure jump, the more the drag coefficient will be reduced. The results also reveal that for the design of circularly-positioned propellers with space intervals, the more drag coefficient reduction results, the smaller the space interval is specified.     

电动无人机动力系统建模与实验

基于叶素修正理论和三维机翼气动系数计算公式,提出了一种分析双叶定距螺旋桨的新方法.并根据外转子无刷电动机工作原理及其特性,建立起电动无人机动力系统性能特性计算的数学模型.使用该模型分析了17组不同螺旋桨和电动机的零空速实验数据,结果表明:该模型原理正确,精度较高,且具有良好的工程操作性,能够有效提高电动无人机动力参数设计的可信度和精度.      

共轴双旋翼试验台液压操纵系统建模及仿真研究

基于对共轴双旋翼桨叶的动力学和空气动力学分析,建立了共轴双旋翼试验台液压操纵系统模型,并通过simulink仿真分析了系统在俯仰操纵和高频激振时系统的动态响应和交互耦合影响,为地面旋翼试验台系统的设计和控制提供依据.     

前飞速度和升力偏置量对共轴刚性旋翼气动特性影响分析

共轴刚性旋翼前飞状态的气动特性主要由工况环境中的来流速度、密度和桨叶的翼型配置、弦长分布和扭转分布等气动布局参数决定。气动布局参数的综合影响决定了共轴刚性旋翼的的升力偏置量。了解前飞速度和升力偏置量对前飞性能的影响规律有利于设计更适合于高速飞行的共轴刚性旋翼。因此,本文通过求解可压雷诺平均N-S(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes,RANS)方程对4 m直径的由两副2片矩形桨叶旋翼构成的共轴刚性旋翼模型的前飞流场进行了数值模拟,获得了不同前进比下的气动力并对不同升力偏置量下的旋翼性能进行了对比。数值模拟结果表明,随前进比增大,桨叶展向拉力分布更加趋于合理,拉力中心向桨叶中段移动,可以充分给桨尖卸载;旋翼升力主要由前行侧桨叶提供,升力偏置量过大容易产生激波诱导失速,不利于高速前飞。     

螺旋桨-自由涡轮涡桨发动机稳态/过渡态数值模拟

为实现对涡桨推进系统整体推进性能的数学模型模拟,以螺旋桨/桨扇作为受飞行外流条件影响的推进系统内流部件之一,引入其特性图,用跟随流量方法解决螺旋桨-自由涡轮转子与涡桨发动机燃气发生器的流量平衡、功率平衡,发展了螺旋桨-自由涡轮涡桨发动机内流特性部件法数学模型,实现了对该类涡桨系统稳态/过渡态的数值模拟。对某8MW三轴桨扇发动机的台架转速特性和飞行任务剖面特性的数值模拟结果表明:该数学模型可以较为准确模拟出包含桨叶变动桨距角、攻角等在内的外流螺旋桨/桨扇部件工作点详细参数,和高度、速度、涡轮前温度同时变化的多条件、多变量涡桨发动机的稳态/过渡态推力、推力耗油率等特性.      

气液同轴喷嘴缩进室动态特性均相流模型

采用频率法对气液同轴喷嘴缩进室内气液两相流动态特性进行了分析.采用均相流模型,在把液相介质参数看作集中参数的条件下讨论了缩进室边界压降振荡对液相质量流量振荡的动态响应.通过对模型喷嘴算例编程进行计算,结果表明:随着扰动频率的增加,缩进室两端压降振荡的振幅增大,压降振荡与液体流量振荡之间的相位差也增大.较小长径比的缩进室以及较小的液体喷嘴质量流量、大气液比和高反压可以抑制缩进室边界压降振荡.      

航空二冲程活塞发动机与定距螺旋桨的匹配研究

以长航时无人机的工作特点为基础,结合二冲程发动机的功率输出特性和定距螺旋桨的功率吸收特性,以及发动机的外特性曲线和螺旋桨的推进特性曲线,得出了在地面飞行状态下二冲程活塞发动机匹配定距螺旋桨所采用的方法,并通过为某型二冲程发动机匹配最优定距螺旋桨的试验,证明了该方法可以应用于在地面及低空状态下,为已知发动机匹配合适的定距螺旋桨.