超燃冲压发动机缩比燃烧室流场数值模拟

为了采用二维N-S方程来研究带有垂直喷射的三维问题,即拓展二维模型的适用范围,提出了一种针对喷射的简化模型,即采用源项加质来近似模拟喷射的质量添加。为了验证这种简化的可行性,针对文献中的实验条件进行了对比计算。结果表明,数值模拟与实验点符合得较好。运用以上简化模型,对放置在自由射流实验台上的缩比超燃冲压发动机燃烧室流场,采用五组元单步反应模型进行了数值模拟,得到了各主要气动参数及组分质量分数的分布,表明,根据数值模拟所得到的壁面静压值与实验壁面压力符合得较好。      

Galactic Wind: Mass Fractionation and Cosmic Ray Acceleration

The dynamical and chemical effects of the Galactic Wind are discussed. This wind is primarily driven by the pressure gradient of the Cosmic Rays. Assuming the latter to be accelerated in the Supernova Remnants of the disk which at the same time produce the Hot Interstellar Medium, it is argued that the gas removed by the wind is enriched in the nucleosynthesis products of Supernova explosions. Therefore the moderate mass loss through this wind should still be able to remove a substantial amount of metals, opening the way for stars to produce more metals than observed in the disk, by e.g. assuming a Salpeter-type stellar initial mass function beyond a few Solar masses. The wind also allows a global, physically appealing interpretation of Cosmic Ray propagation and escape from the Galaxy. In addition the spiral structure of the disk induces periodic pressure waves in the expanding wind that become a sawtooth shock wave train at large distances which can re-accelerate “knee” particles coming from the disk sources. This new Galactic Cosmic Ray component can reach energies of a few×10¹⁸ eV and may contribute to the juncture between the particles of Galactic and extragalactic origin in the observed overall Cosmic Ray spectrum.     

Effects of the Fabrication Processes of NC-Si:H Films on Their Mechanical Properties

Studies of nanoindentation were performed on nc-Si:H films to evaluate the effects of the fabrication processes on their mechani-cal properties. It is observed that with the decrease of the SiH4 contents, the grain size of the films increases gradually, and as does the crystalline volume fraction. The smaller the grains become, the more homogeneous the films, and the more even the hardness as well as the modulus will be. The hardness and the modulus will increase with the substrate’s temperature rising. The hardness and the modulus of the nc-Si:H films on the Si substrate prove to be higher than those on the glass substrate given the same technology parameters. How-ever, the films on the glass substrate appear to be more homogeneous.     

燃料组分差异对贫油熄火边界的影响

为了推进替代燃料的多元化,扩大航空燃料的组分分布。以标准航空煤油为基准,研究了柴油和高沸点费托油对燃烧室贫油熄火边界的影响。实验采用单头部燃烧室,通过改变燃烧室进出口压力,研究其熄火边界的变化规律,并分析了其与理化性质和组成的关联关系。结果显示在220kPa的出口压力下,航空煤油的熄火性能略优于另外两种燃油,高沸点费托油相比航空煤油熄火边界窄5%,而在140kPa的低压条件下,高沸点费托油的熄火边界相比航空煤油拓宽了8%。分析得到整体上低沸点烷烃和直链烷烃的熄火性能较好。      

钝体稳定射流火焰的火焰面模型数值研究

基于稳态火焰面(SLFM)和交互式非稳态欧拉颗粒火焰面(EPFM)模型对Sydney大学CH4/H2钝体稳定湍流扩散火焰行了数值研究,采用修正的雷诺应力模型(RSM),同时对两种不同规模的甲烷详细化学反应动力学机理进行研究,比较了燃烧模型和反应机理对湍流火焰结构、活性自由基以及氮氧化物预测精度的影响,与实验数据对比结果表明:两种反应机理得到的温度场和主要组分分布基本相同;SLFM模型能对速度场和标量场的分布进行较为准确预测,采用EPFM模型修正后,部分区域OH预测结果更加靠近实验结果;采用EPFM模型对SLFM模型耦合GRI-Mech 211的计算结果修正后,NO量级降低近2倍,预测精度明显改善,与实验结果实现较好的符合,验证了化学反应动力学机理以及非稳态效应对氮氧化物预测精度的影响。     

Influence of fuel injection position and equivalent mixture ratio on chemical non-equilibrium effects of single expansion ramp nozzle

Chemical non-equilibrium flow was investigated for the scramjet single expansion ramp nozzle(SERN) with a strut-based liquid-kerosene-fueled combustor.Two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations were solved with the species conservation equation for continuous phase and the renormalization group(RNG) k-ε turbulence model.Lagrangian discrete-phase model was analyzed for liquid-kerosene droplets behavior in the supersonic stream.Combustion was simulated by kerosene surrogate fuel's 10-species and 13-step reduced reaction kinetics mechanism with use of Arrhenius's laminar finite rate model.Parametric studies were carried out to estimate the influence of different fuel injection positions and equivalent mixture ratios on the SERN chemical non-equilibrium effects.Numerical calculation results show that the strut-based combustor enables convenient modeling of various SERN entry conditions,which is similar with many preceding investigations,by changing the injector strut position and controlling the mass flow rate of each injector.Chemical non-equilibrium effects function in the whole SERN,especially in the initial flow expansion region,leads to obviously higher SERN performance of the non-equilibrium flow than that of the frozen flow.Furthermore,the distributed fuel injection pattern plays a significant role in enhancing the combustion efficiency in combustor,but weakening the chemical non-equilibrium effects funciton in SERN.Additionally,while the equivalent mixture ratio increases,the SERN thrust coefficient and lift coefficient rise gradually,and the increment of non-equilibrium flow in relation to frozen flow becomes higher as well.To be specific,the equivalent mixture ratio is 0.6,the maximum increment of thrust coefficient and lift coefficient are 11.6% and 25% respectively.      

氯化钾镀锌大规模生产故障分析

本文对氯化钾镀锌在大规模生产中存在的故障进行系统的研究和分析，发现镀锌层的主要故障有发花、发雾、碰伤、掉膜、淋漆等。选择好的光亮添加剂、加强镀锌后清洗，改进下挂方式、调整浸漆工艺等，并加强管理是有效提高产品一次性合格率的主要措施。     

高强度钢锌、镉镀层加速腐蚀试验方法研究

采用加速盐雾、正交设计浸渍和合成海水浸渍3种加速腐蚀试验方法,考察了高强度钢锌、镉镀层实验室加速腐蚀与厦门外场大气腐蚀的相关性,由加速盐雾试验得到了适合于锌镀层的相关系数为0.995 2(显著相关)的线性回归方程.结果表明,加速盐雾试验对于锌、镉镀层的腐蚀均有明显的加速作用,正交设计浸渍试验中不含S2-的溶液对镉镀层的腐蚀有明显的加速作用,合成海水浸渍试验对镉镀层的腐蚀有明显的加速作用.      

AP/HTPB复合推进剂燃烧的详细化学动力学建模(英文)

采用详细化学动力学机理,为AP/HTPB复合推进剂的燃烧建立了模型。该模型包含2个步骤:前一个是数据准备阶段,后一个是求解阶段。模型中包含了完整的固相、凝相和气相三相反应机理,其中气相反应机理由37个组分和127个反应步组成。为了提高模型的求解效率,用于评估化学反应的先进算法ISAT也被应用。最终,通过与试验结果的比较可看到,所建模型是可靠和精确的,并优于以往模型。     

气体涡轮燃烧室流动与燃烧三维数值模拟

用三维湍流N -S方程和单步快速不可逆化学反应描述涡轮燃烧室内的流动与燃烧过程。采用非交错网格中的SIMPLE算法求解控制方程并对涡轮燃烧室内的流动与燃烧过程进行三维数值模拟 ,得到了有代表性的圆筒形燃烧室内燃气参数的详细分布情况。模拟结果表明 :对圆筒形涡轮燃烧室内的流动和燃烧而言 ,预计结果与测量结果趋势相同。本文是研究涡轮燃烧室的初步尝试